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Bacteriology > Bacteriology 1 > Flashcards

Bacteriology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bacterium?

A

Single-celled microorganism that belongs to the prokaryote kingdom.

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2
Q

T/F: Bacteria have a nucleus.

A

False, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

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3
Q

How does cell division occur in prokaryotes?

A

Binary fission

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4
Q

T/F: A prokaryotic chromosome is circular and contains no histones.

A

True

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5
Q

How do bacteria grow?

A

They grow in aerobic, anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions, and some require cells to grow.

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6
Q

Name a few types of bacterial morphology/ shapes.

A

Cocci (spherical), Bacillus (rod-shaped), helical/ spiral shaped, curved/ comma shaped.

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7
Q

In gram positive bacteria, what compound is contained in the cell wall?

A

Lipoteichoic acid

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8
Q

In gram negative bacteria, what compound is contained in the outer membrane?

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

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9
Q

In mycobacteria, what unique component is located in the cell wall?

A

Mycolic acid

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10
Q

T/F: In gram positive, gram negative, and mycobacteria there is peptidoglycan in the cell wall.

A

True

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11
Q

In gram positive bacteria, what is Lipoteichoic acid used for?

A

Antigenicity

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12
Q

T/F LPS is an endotoxin found in gram negative bacteria and is antigenic.

A

True

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13
Q

What color do Gram positive bacteria stain?

A

Purple

Positive= Purple

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14
Q

What color do Gram negative bacteria stain?

A

Pink

Negative has an “n”, Pink has an “n”

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the alcohol wash when staining?

A

Decolorization

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16
Q

Acid fast staining is due to the presence of what?

A

Mycolic acid

17
Q

Acid fast positive organisms are said to be stained pink. What is the name of the primary stain used?

A

Carbol fuchsin

18
Q

When gram staining, what is the name of the counterstain used?

A

Safranin

19
Q

When acid fast staining, what is the name of the counterstain used?

A

Methylene Blue

20
Q

Why do acid fast negative bacteria get stained blue?

A

They get decolorized due to the absence of mycolic acid.

21
Q

What are flagella used for?

A

Locomotion or motility.

22
Q

Describe the structure of Amphitrichous flagella.

A

2 total, one on either side.

23
Q

Where are the flagella located on Peritrichous?

A

Numerous all the way around

24
Q

What are Pili/ fimbriae?

A

Small thread-like structures on bacterial surface.

25
Q

What do Pili do?

A

Facilitate adherence to the host tissue through specific receptors.

26
Q

What is a capsule?

A

Thick polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall.

27
Q

What is a capsule used for?

A

Sticking cells together, as a food reserve, as protection against desiccation and chemicals, helps bacteria to evade phagocytosis.

28
Q

What is a survival mechanism for some gram positive bacteria?

A

Endospores

29
Q

T/F: Spores are highly resistant dormant form of bacteria.

A

True

30
Q

When are endospores produced?

A

When bacteria are exposed to adverse conditions & when essential nutrients are depleted.

31
Q

Name the different phases of bacterial growth.

A

Lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase.

32
Q

How can bacterial growth be measured by?

A

Colony counting, turbidimetry, flow cytometer, hemocytometer chamber.

33
Q

What is another name for the log phase?

A

Exponential phase

34
Q

What kinds of bacteria require oxygen for growth?

A

Aerobic, microaerophilic, capnophilic

35
Q

What kinds of bacteria do NOT require oxygen for growth?

A

Obligate anaerobe, aerotolerant anaerobe

36
Q

What kinds of bacteria do not require oxygen, but can utilize it for growth?

A

Facultative anaerobe

Bacteriology (5 decks)

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