Bacterial Structures & Functions

Question 1

Gram Positive Bacteria

Examples

Answer 1

• Streptococcus
• Staphylococcus
• Bacillus

Question 2

Gram Negative Bacteria

(Examples)

Answer 2

• E. Coli

- Spirochetes

Question 3

Weirdos

Answer 3

• Mycobacterium

- Mycoplasma

Question 4

3 Domains of Life

Answer 4

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eucarya

Question 5

Strepto

Answer 5

String or chain

Question 6

Staphylo

Answer 6

Cluster of grapes

Question 7

Diplo

Answer 7

double

Question 8

Cell Envelope

Answer 8

Everything including inner/plasma membrane and beyond (not including capsule).

Question 9

Outer Membrane

Answer 9

• Only Gram Negative bacteria has it.

- Includes LPS (has lipid A or endotoxin).

Question 10

Cell Wall

Answer 10

Everything beyond inner/plasma membrane (not including capsule).

Question 11

Lipid A

Answer 11

• A part of LPS

- aka endotoxin (not secreted out of cell)

Question 12

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Answer 12

Makes up the outer leaflet of outer membrane and includes lipid A (endotoxin) and core sugars (o-antigen).

Question 13

Mycoplasma spp.

Answer 13

• Bacteria spp. that only has a inner plasma membrane and no cell wall.
• Can’t gram stain
• pleomorphic

Question 14

Mycobacterium spp.

Answer 14

• Bacteria spp. that has a thick, waxy outer membrane made of mycolic acid.
• Has no cell wall (peptidoglycan).
• Can’t gram stain
• Requires acid fast stain
• bacilli in shape

Question 15

Capsule

Answer 15

Extracellular polysaccharide that is not tethered to bacteria and protects from phagocytosis.

Question 16

Pilus

Answer 16

• Composed of pillin proteins and mediate binding/attachment to host or other bacterial cells.
• Can be seen in many gram - pathogens.
• Permit plasmid exchange

Question 17

Flagellum

Answer 17

• Composed of flagellin proteins (H-antigen).

- Important for bacterial movement.