bacterial structure I and II - levinson Flashcards
what are the 5 major groups of organisms that cause human diseases?
bacteria fungi protozoa helminths viruses
what organisms are in the prokaryote kingdom?
bacteria
what organisms are in the protist kingdom?
fungi (yeasts and molds) and protozoa
what organisms are in the animal kingdom?
helminths (worms)
how can you distinguish protists from animals and plants?
protists are either unicellular or relatively simple microorganisms
which organisms are parasites?
helminths and protozoa
biological relationships of pathogenic microorganisms (table)- kingdom- pathogenic microorganisms- type of cells
- animals
- helminths
- eukaryotic cells
- protists
- protozoa and fungi
- eukaryotic cells
- prokaryotes
- bacteria
- prokaryotic - viruses
- noncellular
- bacteria
describe the structure of cells.
have a nucleus or nucleoid that contains DNA
nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm where proteins are synthesized and energy generated
describe the structure of viruses.
inner core of genetic material but no cytoplasm
depend on host cells to provide the machinery for protein synthesis and energy generation
how do eukaryotic cells replicate?
mitosis - one parent cell divides to make two progeny cells while retaining its cellular structure
how do prokaryotic cells replicate?
binary fission
how do viruses replicate?
disassemble produce many copies of their nucleic acid and protein
reassemble into multiple progeny
can bacteria replicate extracellularly?
most can, except rickettsiae and chlamydiae
what is the difference in nucleic acid between cells and viruses?
cells have both DNA and RNA viruses have DNA or RNA but not both
what are the defining characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
have a true nucleus with multiple chromosomes surrounded by a nuclear membraneuses mitotic apparatus to ensure equal allocation of chromosomes to progenycontain organelles (ie mitochondria and lysosomes) and ribosomes
what are the defining characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
nucleoid consists of a single cellular molecule of loosely organized DNA lacks nuclear membrane and mitotic apparatusno organelles and smaller ribosomesrigid external cell wall that contains peptidoglycan
what is peptidoglycan and what is it made of?
polymer of AA and sugars that makes up the rigid cell wall of most prokaryotes
what is the cell wall of eukaryotes like?
either have a flexible cell membrane or rigid wall of chitin (fungi)
what is chitin and what is made of?
makes up rigid cell wall of fungimade of a homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine
what organisms have sterols?
eukaryotic cell membranes contain sterolsno prokaryotes except for mycoplasma do
which organisms are motile and which ones aren’t?
protozoa are motile, as are some bacteriafungi and viruses aren’t
what do protozoa use to move?
three different organs of locomotion: flagella, cilia and psuedo-pods