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Bacterial Structure and Stains Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

A sugar backbone with peptide side chains crosslinked by transpeptidase that gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure

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2
Q

Cell wall/cell membrane

A

Made of peptidoglycan for support, lipoteichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1; major surface antigen - Gram positive

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3
Q

Outer membranes

A

Lipid A induces TNF and IL-1, O polysaccharide is the antigen; major surface antigen - gram negative and site of endotoxin (LPS)

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4
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Lipoprotein bilayer that is the site of oxidative and transport enzymes

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5
Q

Ribosome

A

50S and 30S subunits for protein synthesis

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6
Q

Periplasm

A

Space between the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in gram negative bacteria that contains many hydrolytic enzymes (including B-lactamase)

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7
Q

Capsule

A

Polysaccharide (except Bacillus anthracis that contains d-glutamate) that protects against phagocytosis

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8
Q

Pilus/Fimbria

A

Glycoproteins that mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface and sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation

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9
Q

Flagellum

A

Protein for motility

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10
Q

Spore

A

Kertain-like coat, dipicolinic acid, peptidoglycan that allows bacteria to become resistant to dehydration, heat, and chemicals

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11
Q

Plasmid

A

DNA that contains a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes and toxins

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12
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Polysaccharide that mediates adherence to surfaces especially foreign surfaces

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13
Q

Giemsa stains

A

Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium (Certain Bugs Really Try my Patients)

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14
Q

PAS

A

Stains glycogens (PASs the sugar), mucopolysaccharides, used to dx Wipple’s disease (Tropheryma whipplei)

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15
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuchsin)

A

Acid fast organisms (Nocardia, Mycobacterium)

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16
Q

India Ink

A

Cryptococcus neoformans (mucicarmine can also be used to stain the thick polysaccharide capsule cell)

17
Q

Silver Stain

A

Fungi (Pneumocystis), Legionella, Helicobacter pylori

18
Q

Bugs that don’t stain well and why (These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color)

A

Treponema (too thin to be visualized) - use dark field microscopy and fluorscent Ab staining
Rickettsia - intracellular parasite
Mycobacteria - high lipid content in cell wall detected by carbolfuchsin in acid fast stains
Mycoplasma - no cell wall
Legionella pneumophila - intracellular (silver stain)
Chlamydia - intracellular parasite

19
Q

Chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)

20
Q

Thayer-Martin (or VPN) media - Vancomycin (inhibits gram-positive), Polymyxin (inhibits gram negative except ______) and Nystatin (inhibits fungi)

A

N. gonorrhoeae

N. meningitidis

21
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar

A

B. pertussis (Bordet for Bordetella)

22
Q

Tellurite plate, Loffler’s media

A

C. diphtheriae

23
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

A

M. tuberculosis

24
Q

Eaton’s agar

A

M. pneuomniae

25
Pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Fermentation produces acid, turning colonies pink | Lactose-fermenting enterics
26
Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) with green metallic sheen
E. coli
27
Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron
Legionella
28
Sabouraud's agar
Fungi (Sab's a fun-gi)