Bacterial Story Board

Question 1

There is a break in the epithelial surface which allows bacteria to enter and…

Answer 1

…proliferate

Question 2

Which complements lead to mast cell activation?

Answer 2

C3a and C5a

Question 3

Which complements cause opsonisation?

Answer 3

C3b

Question 4

Which complement causes chemotaxis?

Answer 4

C5a

Question 5

What happens when C-reactive protein binds to bacteria?

Answer 5

It causes complement activation

Question 6

Define chemotaxis

Answer 6

Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

Question 7

Define opsonisation

Answer 7

Antibody opsonization is the process by which the pathogen is marked for ingestion and eliminated by the phagocytes.

Question 8

What on the bacteria activate the alternative complement pathway or the mannan binding lectin pathway?

Answer 8

Surface lipopolysaccharides

Question 9

What does mast cell degranulation cause?

Answer 9

Increased blood flow and leaky blood vessels

Question 10

What are the effects of increased blood flow and leaky blood vessels?

Answer 10

Oedema in the area and local irritation

Question 11

What is oedema?

Answer 11

A condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.

Question 12

What draws neutrophils to the site of infection?

Answer 12

Complement, bacteria products and chemokines

Question 13

How do neutrophils enter the site of infection?

Answer 13

They adhere to the endothelial cells and migrate into the infected tissue

Question 14

What cells phagocytose and kill bacteria?

Answer 14

Neutrophils

Question 15

What cells engulf and internalise bacteria before migrating to a lymph node?

Answer 15

Dendritic cells

Question 16

What cells recruit naïve T cells in the lymph node?

Answer 16

Dendritic cells

Question 17

How do dendritic cells activate naïve T cells?

Answer 17

By presenting bacterial peptide on their MHC II molecules

Question 18

What cells can dendritic cells activate?

Answer 18

T helper 1 cells

T helper 2 cells

Question 19

What receptors do T helper cells use to recognise bacterial peptides presented to them via MHC II molecules?

Answer 19

T Cell Receptors

Question 20

What is the first class of antibodies produced by plasma cells?

Answer 20

IgM antibodies

Question 21

What is the role of T helper 2 cells in bacterial infections?

Answer 21

Activated T helper 2 cells cause B cells to become plasma cells and produce antibodies

Question 22

What do plasma cells produce?

Answer 22

Antibodies