Bacterial STI Flashcards
What are 4 consequences of untreated STIs in women?
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Infertility
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Cervical cancer
What are 2 consequences of untreated (vertically transmitted) STIs in infants?
Eye infections: result in blindness and sepsis
What are 2 consequences of untreated STIs in men?
Infertility and narrowing of the urethra
What are 5 risk factors for chlamydia/gonorrhoea?
- Age < 25 years
- Street youth, homeless
- New sexual partners
- > 2 sexual partners / year
- Non-barrier contraception
What is a classic symptom of gonorrhoea in males and females that is absent from chlamydia? What is a typical clinical manifestation of it in men and women?
Considerable amounts of discharge
Acute urethritis (males) / cervicitis (females)
Where are two other areas that gonorrhoea can show symptoms?
Ano-rectal gonorrhea
Pharyngeal gonorrhea
What are two possible outcomes if gonorrhoea is ;eft untreated?
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
2. Septic arthritis
What is the risk of transmission from an infected woman to a man?
about 20 percent
What is the risk of transmission from an infected man to a woman?
about 50 %
Is there a risk risk of transmission of gonorrhoea from anal sex?
yep
Where does a gonorrhoeal infection typically manifest in an infant after perinatal transmission?
in the eyes
What are two major virulence factors of gonorrhoea that also mediate attachment?
- Pili
2. Outer membrane
What is the role of pili in the virulence of gonorrhoea?
Allows them to attach to mucosal surfaces and evade killing by macrophages
What is the role of the OM in the virulence of gonorrhoea? (2 things)
- proteins (OMP’s) facilitate invasion of epithelial cells
2. lipooligosaccharides (LPS) possess endotoxin activity, results in ciliary death
What two cell types are primarily infected by N. gonorrhoea?
columnar or cuboidal epithelium
How long does it take for the epithelial cells to be penetrated by N. gonorrhoea?
20-24 hours
What is the first line defense/first symptoms of a gonorrhoeal infection?
- Aggressive neutrophil response results in sloughing off of epithelial cells
- Exudation of pus/discharge
What is sensitivity a measure of?
A measure of the proportion of actual positive tests that are correctly identified
What is specificity a measure of?
A measure of the proportion of negative tests that are correctly identified
What is the positive predictive value? What is the value dependent on?
the proportion of patients with positive test results who are correctly diagnosed.
Its value is dependent on the prevalence of the disease.
What is the negative predictive value ?
The proportion of patients with negative test results who are correctly diagnosed
What are the preferred forms of specimens for a gonorrhoeal test for men and women?
Women: vaginal swab
Men: 1st voided urine
What kinds of media will gonorrhoea grow on? Which will it not? What are the growth conditions required? How long?
TMA, MLA, NYCA
- nutritious media with lots of antibiotics
WON’T grow on SBA
needs 5% CO2, 35ºC, 24-72 hours
What are 3 common forms/types of resistance that gonorrhoea has developed?
- ß-lactamases on plasmids
- Fluoroquinolone resistance
- tetracycline resistance
