Bacterial RTIs Flashcards
What allows bacteria to enter the lungs?
- host defense defect
- large innolculum of bacteria
- increased virulence
What are the typical causes of community acquired pneumonia?
- S. pneumoniae
- H. Influenzae
- M. Catharralis
What are the atypical causes of community acquired pneumonia?
- mycoplasma pneumoniae
- legionella pneumoniae
- chlamydophila pneumoniae
- chlamydophila psittaci
What are the risk factors for S. pneumoniae infection?
- alcohol
- smoking
- infection eg. HIV
- chronic lung disease
- cancer
What is the treatment for S. pneumoniae infection?
- penicillin
- if allergy = macrolides eg. Clarithromycin, tetracyclines eg. Doxycicline
Who are more at risk of H. Influenzae infections?
- elderly
- underlying lung disease
What is the treatment of H. Influenzae and its risk?
- co-amoxiclav
- macrolides eg. Clarithromycin
- tetracyclines eg. Doxycicline
- risk of beta lactamase production
What is the most common cause of infective exacerbation of COPD?
Moxarella catarrhalis
What is the treatment of moraxella catarrhalis infection and its risk?
- co-amoxiclav
- macrolides
- tetracyclines
- risk of beta-lactamase production
What are the main symptoms of M.pneumoniae?
- fever
- fatigue
- chest symptoms
What are the possible atypical features of M. Pneumoniae?
- haemolysis
- Guillain-Barre (nerve syndrome)
- erythema multiforme
- cardiac problems
What is the method of diagnosing M. Pneumoniae?
- PCR (sputum/throat swab) - BEST
- serology
What is the treatment for M. Pneumoniae?
** organism contains no cell wall so beta lactams wouldn’t work
- macrolides
- tetracyclines
- quinolones
How can legionella pneumophilia be transmitted?
- contaminated soil/water
- hospital acquired
What are the methods of diagnosing L. Pneumophilia?
- culture
- serology
- urinary antigen test (only recognises 2 types of pneumophilia)
What are the treatment options for L. Pneumophilia
** intracellular so beta lactams would not work
- macrolides
- quinolones
- tetracyclines
What are the common causes of hospital acquired pneumonia?
- enterobacterales (klebsiella, ecoli, enterobacter)
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- S. aureus
- acinetobacter
- stenotrophomonas
How is hospital acquired pneumonia diagnosed?
- culture (oxidase positive/negative)
What is the symptoms of HAP?
- fever
- cough/sputum
- chest pain
- can be insidious/abrupt
- non-respiratory symptoms
What groups are more at risk of HAP?
- underlying lung disease
- immunosuppressed
What are the signs of HAP?
- dull percussion
- coarse crepitations
- increased vocal resonance
How is HAP clinically assessed?
- multilobar consolidation on CXR +/- hypoxia on room air
And/or - CURB65 score >1
(Confusion, Urea >7, Resp rate >30, BP D<60 S<90, Over 65 years old)
What is the clinical management of RTIs in primary care?
5 day treatment with amoxicillin
Learn empirical antibiotic guidelines
Look at lecture notes
