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CP > Bacterial Pathogens > Flashcards

Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Types of bacteria

A 
Gram +ve cocci
Gram +ve bacilli
Gram -ve coccobacilli
Gram -ve cocci
Gram -ve bacilli
Spiral bacteria
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2
Q

Examples of gram +ve cocci

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus progenies
Staphylococcus agalactiae

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3
Q

Examples of gram +ve bacilli

A

Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium difficile
Listeria monocytogenes
Corynebacterium diptheriae

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4
Q

Examples of gram -ve coccobacilli

A

Haemophilus
Bordetella
Brucella
Pasteurella

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5
Q

Examples of gram -ve cocci

A

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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6
Q

Examples of gram -ve bacilli

A 
Salmonella typhi
Shigella spp
Escherichia coli
Proteus spp
Yersinia pestis
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7
Q

Examples of spiral bacteria

A 
Helicobacter
Campylobacter
Borrielia
Leptospira
Treponema pallidum
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8
Q

Gram positive

A

Does not have an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide and protein

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9
Q

Gram negative

A

Has an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide and protein

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10
Q

3 main factors for why certain bacteria cause certain infections

A

Host factors
Opportunity
Bacterial factors

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11
Q

Examples of host factors

A

Devices

Immune system

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12
Q

Examples of opportunity

A

Exposure

Normal flora

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13
Q

Examples of bacterial factors

A

Virulence
Resistance
Environmental survival

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14
Q

E. coli and UTIs

A

Part of normal bowel flora in most humans
Colonisation of urethral meatus and surrounding area (especially with shorter urethra in females)
Can adhere to both uroepithelial cells and urinary catheter materials
Triggers host inflammatory response
Able to develop antibiotic resistance

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15
Q

S. aureus and skin infections

A

Carried in nose of up to 50% of people
Can adhere to damaged skin (e.g. eczema, surgical wound)
Produces damaging exoenzymes and provokes host response (e.g. pus formation)

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16
Q

Possible complications fo S. aureus infection

A 
Bacteraemia/septicaemia (especially)
Osteomyelitis/septic arthritis
Endocarditis
Pneumonia
UTI
Meningitis
17
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis

A

Opportunistic skin commensal bacterium
Causes infection in association with foreign bodies e.g. IV catheters, prosthetics
Can form a biofilm of glycocalyx (slime) on plastics/metals

18
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes overview

A

AKA Group A Strep

Most common cause of bacterial sore throat

19
Q

Other diseases caused by group A Strep

A 
Scarlet Fever
Necrotising fasciitis
Other SSTIs
Invasive infections e.g. pneumonia
Puerperal sepsis
Secondary immunological presentations
20
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Most common causes of bacterial pneumonia and bacteria meningitis (except in neonates)

21
Q

Streptococcus agalacticae

A

Group B Strep

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in neonates

22
Q

Streptococcus milleri complex

A

3 closely related pus-forming streptococci

Associated with abscesses - dental, lung, liver, brain etc.

23
Q

Viridans streptococci

A

Classic cause of sub-acute bacterial endocarditis

Usually only pathogenic if there is an underlying heart condition e.g. aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation

24
Q

Streptococcus gallolyticus

A

Part of bowel flora

Can be associated withcolonic malignancies

25
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Rare but significant cause of sepsis and meningitis in pregnancy, neonates and immunosuppressed patients
Associated with unpasteurised dairy

26
Q

Corynebacterium species

A

Opportunistic associated with devices and trauma
Classic diphtheria cause
Rarely now seen in UK due to vaccines

27
Q

Propionibacterium acnes

A

Associated with acne

Also called Cutibacterium acnes

28
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

A

Collective term for gram -ve bacilli found in bowel flora

29
Q

E. coli

A

Most common cause of UTI and bacteraemia

Toxigenic strains associated with severe diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemia syndrome

30
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Multi-resistent gram -ve
Opportunistic - causes infection in vulnerable patients
Can cause respiratory infections, UTIs, soft tissue etc.
Often produces characteristic green pigment

31
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Causes meningococcal sepsis and/or meningitis
Classic presentation is non-blanching rash
Reduction in case since vaccination

32
Q

Neisseria gonnorhoeae

A

Cause of gonorrhoea
Can cause conjunctivitis as a result of vertical transmission
Can rarely cause secondary invasive infections

33
Q

Haemophilius influenzae

A

Normal respiratory flora but can cause respiratory infections
Capsulated types associated with meningitis and epiglottitis

34
Q

Anaerobes

A 
The Clostridium Bunch
C. difficile - diarrhoea/colitis
C. perfringens - gas gangrene
C. tetani - tetanus
C. botulinum - botulism
Other species too
35
Q

Mycobacterium

A

AFBs - no gram staining
M. tuberculosis causes TB
Can cause a range of other infections including opportunistic in immunocompromised patients

36
Q

Bacteria without conventional cell wall

A

Chalmydia species

Mycoplasma species

37
Q

Spirochaetes

A

Treponema pallidum which causes syphilis

Other spirochaetes can cause leptospirosis or Lyme disease

CP (19 decks)

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