Bacterial Pathogens

Question 1

Rank

Answer 1

The economic cost to agriculture

Question 2

Pathovar

Answer 2

Bacterial species with similar host ranges

Question 3

Rhizosphere

Answer 3

The below-ground habitat of plants, secretes exudates (nutrient-rich), provides environmental protection and predation protection to microbes

Question 4

Phyllosphere

Answer 4

Above-ground habitat of plants, includes leaves, stems and fruits, flowers, and less stable microbial communities due to seasonal shedding

Question 5

Stromata

Answer 5

Gas exchange sites and sites of transpiration under leaves, vulnerable to pathogens

Question 6

Pseudomonas syringe

Answer 6

Uses a T3SS to infect plants, disrupts salicylic acid production to close stomata and secondary effectors ubiquinates and degrades via (proteasome) plant pathogen receptor recognition systems and disrupts photosystem II production of ROS

Question 7

PAMPS

Answer 7

pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Question 8

PRR

Answer 8

pathogen receptor recognition system

Question 9

T3SS

Answer 9

Similar to flagella, contains ATPase, domain that spans inner and outer membrane, translocon, tip complex and needle (pills), recognition of the translocon by the tip complex mediates effector delivery to target cells

Question 10

Normal tissue with Crown Gall tissue

Answer 10

Crown Gall tissue contains high levels of opines (arginine-derived), not usually present in plants

Question 11

T4SS

Answer 11

Used by Agrobacterium tuberculosis to deliver T-DNA into host cells, has structure but no protein homology to T3SS

Question 12

Ti Plasmid

Answer 12

Contains T4SS (VirA-G), plant hormones (Auxin and Cytokinin) that promote tumour formation and Opine, a source of nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) for strain-specific Agrobacterium tuberculosis