Bacterial Pathogenesis I

Question 1

HGT: Bacterial trasnformation

Answer 1

release of DNA

Question 2

HGT: Bacterial transduction

Answer 2

release of Phage

Question 3

HGT: Bacterial conjugation

Answer 3

Cell to to cell

Question 4

Three types of horizontal Gene Transfer

Answer 4

transformation
transduction
conjugation

Question 5

transformation, bacteria that are able to take up DNA are said to be

Answer 5

competent

Question 6

example of bacteria that trasnformation all the time

Answer 6

bacillussubtilis and streptoccus pneumoniae

Question 7

most naturally compete bacteria take up _____ DNA but not ______ _____ or ____ DNA

Answer 7

linear, circular plasmids, phage

Question 8

example of prophage that can carry important fitness and virulenced terminants

Answer 8

diphtheria toxin
cholera toxn
pili
surface-modifying exnzymes

Question 9

Generalized transducing phage transfer their DNA from one from bacterium to another during

Answer 9

lytic phase

Question 10

Generalized transducing phage can accidentally package ______ when assembling virus particles

Answer 10

part of bacterial geome

Question 11

Specialized Transducing phages undergo

Answer 11

both lytic and lysogenic phase during their life cycle

Question 12

Specialized Transducing phages can move bacterial DNA that flanks phage attachment sites whenthey

Answer 12

excise their genome and exit the lysogenic phase

Question 13

Plasmid Types

Answer 13

Fertility F-plasmids
Col plasmids
Virulence plasmids
Resistance (R) plasmids

Question 14

Fertility F-plasmids contain

Answer 14

tra gene for transfer.

Question 15

fertility F-plasmids are capable of

Answer 15

conjugation and result in the expression of sex pili

Question 16

Col plasmids contatin

Answer 16

genes that code for bacteriocins. some are toxic to host cells

Question 17

bacteriocins are

Answer 17

proteins that can kill other bacteria

Question 18

Virulence plasmids encode

Answer 18

virulence factors, can convert a bacterium into a pathogen

Question 19

Resistance (R) plasmids contain genes that

Answer 19

provide resistance against antibiotics or poisons

Question 20

pathogenicity islands are

Answer 20

many virulence genes in compact, distinct genomic islands

Question 21

pathogenicity islands differ in ___ than rest of bacterial chromosomes

Answer 21

G + C %

Question 22

pathogenicity islands are made by

Answer 22

horizontal gene transfer

Question 23

Factors that facilitate bacterial infection and survival with in a host

Answer 23

• attachment to host cell and tissue via adhesins
• evasion of innate and adaptive resonses
• acquisition of limityin nutrients- iron, amino acids
• dissemination with host and transmission to new host
• ability to outcompete commensals at many stages

Question 24

the two types of bacterial adherence mechanisms

Answer 24

• Pili-dependent adhesions

- Pili-independent adhesion

Question 25

bacteria that primarily reside in the extracellular milieu possess

Answer 25

virulence factors that prevent uptake and destruction by phagocytes

Question 26

bacteria that primarily reside within host cells posses factors that

Answer 26

promote survival in the potentially inhospitable location

Question 27

some bacteria strike a balance between

Answer 27

these locations and stringently regulate virulence factor expression

Question 28

Survival of extracellular pathogens

Answer 28

- capsules - mask deposited C3b - vary antigenic surface exposed antigens - secretion of molecules that interfere with host defenses (ex toxins and enzymes)

Question 29

Listeria monocytogenes is gram

Answer 29

positive cultivate anaerobe

Question 30

Listerial internalins InIA and InIB engage surface receptors and trigger

Answer 30

actin reorganization and signaling cascade activation

Question 31

Nutritional Immunity limits

Answer 31

the establishment or growth of microbial pathogens within the host by restricting access to essential nutrients

Question 32

Things that microbes use as a resource

Answer 32

metals/cations ( eg Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu,Mo) amino acids carbs oxygen and alternate electron acceptors

Question 33

the three bacterial strategies for evading amino acid starvation

Answer 33

- reticulate bodies -> aberrant bodies (go dormant) - make its own amino acids - polyUb, uses host protiens?

Question 34

iron binding protein

Answer 34

enterobactin

Question 35

what is toxic to host cells that is produced sommensals

Answer 35

H2S