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Unit 4: Micro > Bacterial Infections of the Vascular System: Rickettsia, Burnetii, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma > Flashcards

Bacterial Infections of the Vascular System: Rickettsia, Burnetii, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the vectors of Rickettsia, Ehrlicia, and Anaplasma species?

A

Arthropod vectors

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2
Q

To what drug are Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma sensitive?

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

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3
Q

What bug is Q fever caused by?

A

Coxiella burnetii

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4
Q

How is Q fever transferred?

A

By aerosols

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5
Q

In what type of cell does Coxiella burnetii proliferate?

A

Alveolar monocyte/macrophages

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6
Q

What is the second choice Tx for pregnant and allergic patients for Rickettsia? Q Fever? Erlichia? Anaplasma?

A

Chloramphenicol (Rickettsia); Fluoroquinolones (Q Fever, Enrlichia, Anaplasma)

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7
Q

What is the proper technique to remove a tick?

A

Tweezers while wearing gloves, promptly

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8
Q

What bug is epidemic typhus caused by?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

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9
Q

For which bugs are humans the proper host and reservoir?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic typhus); Others are all transmitted to humans by promiscuous vectors

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10
Q

What diseases do Ehrlichia and Anaplasma cause? Typical presentation?

A

Erlichiosis and Anaplasmosis; Similar to spotted fever without the spots

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11
Q

Where do Rickettsia, Erlichia, Anaplasma, and Coxiella replicate?

A

Within infected cells; Ehrlichia and Anaplasma form morulae within phagocytic vacuoles

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12
Q

What is the major difficulty with identifying these bugs microscopically?

A

They are difficult to stain chemically and require IHC assay to visualize

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13
Q

What is the policy for treating small children and pregnant women for these bugs?

A

Children can be treated with tetracyclines but pregnant women CANNOT

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14
Q

What disease does Rickettsia rickettsia cause?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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15
Q

What disease does Rickettsia conorii cause?

A

Mediterranean Spotted Fever

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16
Q

What disease is caused by Rickettsia typhi?

A

Murine Typhus

17
Q

What bug causes Scrub typhus?

A

O. tsutsugamushi

18
Q

What are the 4 virulence factors of Rickettsia rickettsia?

A
  1. Omp A & B: Adhesion
  2. Type 4 Secretion System: Entry
  3. Phospholipase A2: Escape from endosome
  4. ActA: Actin-based cell-cell spread
19
Q

A patient is bitten with a tick and the lesion below is observed. The patient shows mild symptoms. What is the name of this lesion? What is the Dx? What is the bug?

A
  • Eschar
  • Mediterranean Spotted Fever
  • Rickettsia conorii
20
Q

What is Brill-Zinnser disease?

A

Recrudescent (recurring) typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii seen in malnourished patients or those treated with improper/incomplete antibiotic therapy

21
Q

What is the vector of Rickettsia prowazekii?

A

Lice

22
Q

What is the vector for murine typhus?

A

Flea

23
Q

A patient presents with pneumonia and hepatitis. The patient is a farmer and is commonly around sheep and goats. His chest xray is shown below. What is the likely Dx?

A

Q Fever caused by Coxiella burnetii

24
Q

For what bugs are vaccines available?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii and Coxiella burnetii (Only of the military variety)

25
Q

A patient presents during the summer with mild fever, chills, headache and cough. The patient has a Hx of a tick bite. What two bugs are on your DDx? What would you suspect if this patient presented in a cold weather season, no Hx of a tick bite and had a SHx of living in crowded conditions?

A

Murine typhus (R. typhi) and Scrub typhus (O. tsutsugamushi); Epidemic typhus (R. prowazekii)

26
Q

A patient presents with fever, headache, myalgias, shaking chills, and a Hx of hiking. The patient was asymptomatic previously. Shown below is the blood smear. What two bugs are in your DDx? What is your first line Tx? Second line?

A

Anaplasma and Ehrlichia; Tetracyclines (Doxycycline); Fluoroquinolones

Unit 4: Micro (7 decks)

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