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4th yr- CMS- Infections > Bacterial infection of orofacial tissue > Flashcards

Bacterial infection of orofacial tissue Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What does infection look like

A
  1. Calor (hot)
  2. Dolor (painful)
  3. Rubor (redness)
  4. Tumor (swelling)
  5. Loss of function
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2
Q

Define abscess

A

A localised collection of pus

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3
Q

Define pus

A

A collection of bacteria, tissue and white cells

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4
Q

Define cellulitis

A

Spreading infection with no collection pus

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5
Q

Describe the local features of infection

A
  1. Redness
  2. Pain
  3. Induration (hardness)
  4. Heat
  5. Swelling
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6
Q

Describe the regional features of infection

A
  1. Trismus
  2. Dysphasia
  3. Difficulty breathing
  4. Lymphadenopathy
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7
Q

What is Trismus

A

Restriction of the range of motion of the jaws

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8
Q

What is dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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9
Q

What questions might we ask when looking at an infection

A
  1. Is pus present?

2. What is the patients temperature

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10
Q

How can we check if pus is present

A
  1. Fluctuance

2. Aspiration

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11
Q

Give examples of bacterial infections

A
  1. Cavernous sinus thrombosis

2. Mediastinitis

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12
Q

Where can gingival abscesses form

A
  1. Buccal
  2. Lingual
  3. Palatal
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13
Q

How can infections of dental origin present

A
  1. Gingival abscesses
  2. Submandibular space infection
  3. Facial space infection
  4. Submasseteric abscess (below mandible)
  5. Masticator space infection
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14
Q

How can we manage bacterial infections

A
  1. History
  2. Examination
  3. Investigation
  4. Diagnosis
  5. Treatment- do we sent patient to hospital
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15
Q

When might we send a patient to hospital

A

If patient has:

  1. Difficulty breathing
  2. Difficulty swallowing
  3. Difficult speaking
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16
Q

When coming to a diagnosis for bacterial infection what do we need to determine

A

Whether infection is an abscess of cellulitis

17
Q

If pus is present what should you do

A

Should be drained as soon as it is practical to remove the source of infection

18
Q

How do we treat cellulitis

A

Antibiotics

19
Q

What antibiotics can we prescribe for infections

A
  1. Amoxicillin 500mg TID
  2. Metronidazole 400mg TID
  3. Erythromycin 500mg QID
20
Q

In whom do we need to make special considerations if they have an infection

A

Medically compromised

21
Q

Give examples of patients who are medically compromised

A
  1. Neutropenic (chemotherapy)
  2. Head and neck radiotherapy
  3. Bisphosphonate treatment
  4. Immune compromised
  5. Diabetes
22
Q

Which infection should we particularly cautious of

A

Ludwigs angina

23
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina

A

Bilateral submandibular space infection

24
Q

Name some bacterial diseases of the skin

A
  1. Folliculitis
  2. Boils
  3. Carbuncles
  4. Furuncles
  5. Erysipelas
  6. Impetigo
25
Q

What is erysipelas

A

Superficial spreading od the streptococcal infection of the skin

26
Q

How can erysipelas present

A

Oedema/ cellulitis of derma

Patient may be systemically unwell

27
Q

What is Impetigo

A

Skin infection caused by streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria

28
Q

How can Impetigo present

A

Vesicles that can rupture with exudate spreading more infection
Yellow crust

29
Q

What problems can skin infections lead in diagnosis

A

Skin infections can be diagnosed or confused fro dental infections

30
Q

If we come across a patient who has a dental condition manifesting as a skin infection what should we do

A
  1. Check and find the culprit tooth

2. Palate the sinus track

31
Q

In what types of patients can sepsis be dangerous

A
  1. Very young
  2. Very old
    3 Immune suppressed
  3. Neutropenic
  4. Recent infection or operation
  5. iVDA
32
Q

Describe an adult suffering from sepsis §

A

§§1. Altered mental state/ behaviour

  1. Raised respiratory rate (>20/min)
  2. Systolic BP lower than 100
  3. Pulse rate higher than 90bmp
  4. Not passed urine during in 12 hours
  5. Temperature less than 36
  6. potential signs of skin infection or rash
33
Q

What causes necrotising fasciitis

A

Streptoccal infection gaining entry though wound or infection site
Toxins. complement cause necrosis of tissues

34
Q

Give some signs and symptoms of actinomyocosis

A
  1. Patietn is chronically ill
  2. Weigth loss
  3. Cough
  4. Low grade fever
35
Q

where does actinomyocosis occur

A

In non healing wounds or infection (possibly after extraction)

36
Q

How does actinomyocosis present clinically

A

As a chronic non draining sinus

37
Q

What causes actinomyocosis

A

Sulfur gaules of gram positive bacteria

4th yr- CMS- Infections (4 decks)

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