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Micro (FINAL) > Bacterial Diseases of the Gastrointestinal tract > Flashcards

Bacterial Diseases of the Gastrointestinal tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the GI tract

A

digest food, absorb nutrients and water into the blood and eliminates waste

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2
Q

Dental Caries and gingivitis are also known as

A

periodontal disease

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3
Q

Caries appears as what on the teeth

A

holes or pits

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4
Q

Gingivitis leaves the gums how

A

swollen, tender, bright red or bleeding

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5
Q

Caries is frequently caused by what

A

Streptococcus mutans

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6
Q

Gingivitis is caused by what pathogen

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

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7
Q

Diets high in what will increase the risk of tooth decay

A

sucrose and acids

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8
Q

what is a great way to prevent caries and gingivitis

A

good oral hygiene

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9
Q

what is the main symptom of peptic ulcers

A

abdomina pain

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10
Q

what are the two types of peptic ulcers

A

Duodenal and Gastric

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11
Q

Duodeal ulcers respond to food how

A

the are relieved by food

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12
Q

Gastric ulcers respond to food how

A

exacerbated by food

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13
Q

90% of peptic ulcers are caused by what

A

Helicobacter pylori

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14
Q

what is the transmission of the peptic ulcer pathogen

A

fecal oral transmission

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15
Q

what can worsen a peptic ulcer

A

stress

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16
Q

Gastroenteritis is inflammation of what

A

stomach or intestines

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17
Q

Gastroenteritis is associated with contaminated what

A

food or water

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18
Q

what are the general symptoms of Gastroenteritis

A

nausea and vomiting, Diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps

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19
Q

Cholera can ultimately lead to what

A

death

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20
Q

symptoms of cholera usually begin 2-3 days following infection accompanied by what

A

explosive watery diarrhea and vomiting

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21
Q

what you hear “rice-water stool” what should you automatically thing

A

cholera

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22
Q

What is cholera caused by

A

Vibrio cholerae

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23
Q

vibrio cholera produces what

A

cholera toxin

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24
Q

why is vibrio cholera the most common vibrio to infect humans

A

it is the only one to survive in freshwater

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25
Q

humans get infected by vibrio cholerae through what route

A

fecal oral route by ingesting contaminated water and food

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26
Q

what is the cholera diagnoses primarily based on

A

rice water stools

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27
Q

Shigellosis is also know as

A

bacillary dysentery

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28
Q

Shigellosis causes abdominal cramps, fever, diarrhea and what else

A

blood, pus or mucus in stool

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29
Q

shigellosis is cause by four species of what

A

shigella

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30
Q

shigella what is the cause of 2/3 of the shigellosis cases in the us

A

shigella sonnei

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31
Q

1/3 of the shigellosis cases in the us is caused by

A

shigella flexneri

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32
Q

how is shigellosis transmitted usually

A

fecal oral route by ingesting bacteria from contaminated hands or consuming contaminated foods

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33
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea has a hallmark symptom of what

A

watery diarrhea

34
Q

Travelers diarrhea is primarily caused by what pathogen

A

Escherichia coli

35
Q

What is the #1 disease caused by E. Coli

A

gastroenteritis

36
Q

what is the route taken by E. coli to cause travelers diarrhea

A

oral fecal route, most often from consumption of undercooked beef, or unpasteurized milk/fruit juice contaminated with feces

37
Q

what is a great way to prevent travelers diarrhea

A

handwashing

38
Q

anti-diarrhea drugs will do what to the symptoms of travelers diarrhea

A

prolong them

39
Q

Campylobacter diarrhea infections produse self-limiting what

A

bloody and frequent diarhea

40
Q

campylobacter diarrhea is often seen how many times a day

A

about 10 times a day

41
Q

how long can campylobacter diarrhea last for

A

about 7-10 days

42
Q

what is the pathogen that causes campylobacter diarrhea

A

campylobacter jejuni

43
Q

campylobacter jejuni is the most common causative agent for what

A

Bacterial gastroenteritis in the us

44
Q

what is what most cause source of the campylobacter diarrhea infection

A

poultry

45
Q

how can one prevent campylobacter diarrhea

A

prevent with proper hygiene after handling raw poultry, cook poultry thoroughly (165)

46
Q

Antimicrobial associated diarrhea, in severe cases can develop what

A

pseudomembranous colitis

47
Q

Can antimicrobial associated diarrhea be fatal

A

yes it can be life-threatening

48
Q

what is the pathogen related to antimicrobial associated diarrhea

A

clostridium difficiles

49
Q

what antimicrobial can trigger antimicrobial associated diarrhea

A

any of them

50
Q

what can be helpful in reducing C. difficult and other antibiotic-inducing diarrhea

A

Probiotics

51
Q

What are the two diseases of Salmonellosis

A

Acute bacterial gastroenteritis and typhoid fever (enteric fever)

52
Q

Acute bacterial gastroenteritis results from what

A

foodborne infection/intoxication

53
Q

typhoid fever results from what

A

bacterial invasion of the blood stream

54
Q

Salmonella food poisoning is associated with which salmonellosis

A

acute bacterial gastroenteritis

55
Q

Salmonella food poisoning leads to what type of diarrhea

A

non-bloody

56
Q

typhoid fever can perforate the intestinal wall and cause what

A

peritonitis

57
Q

Salmonellosis is caused by what pathogen

A

Salmonella enterica

58
Q

Salmonella enterica Typhi and Paratyphi cause what

A

typhoid fever

59
Q

Salmonella enterica enteritidis and typhimurium cause what

A

Salmonellosis

60
Q

Salmonella food poisoning often acquired by consuming what

A

contaminated eggs, poultry, or inadequately pasteurized milk

61
Q

typhoid fever acquired by consuming what

A

contaminated food or water

62
Q

Salmonella food poisoning is usually what

A

self-limiting

63
Q

how can one prevent Salmonellosis

A

proper hygiene, avoiding raw eggs (esp. if unpasteurized)

64
Q

What is the pathogen that causes Staphylococcal food poisoning

A

Staphylococcus aureus

65
Q

Staphylococcal food poisoning is transmitted by eating what

A

contaminated food

66
Q

Clostridial food poisoning is caused by what pathogen

A

clostridium perfringens

67
Q

what is not a sign or symptoms of clostridial food poisoning

A

No fever or nausea and vomiting

68
Q

What are two ways to prevent Clostridial food poisoning

A

refrigeration and reheating foods

69
Q

Yersinia food poisoning causes inflammation of the intestinal trance and sometimes mimics what

A

appendicitis

70
Q

what is Yersinia food poisoning

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

71
Q

Consumption of what can lead to Yersinia food poisoning

A

contaminated port (undercooked)

72
Q

Yersinia often infects what population of individuals

A

kids

73
Q

what is a good way to prevent yersinia food poisoning

A

proper hand washing and properly cooking pork (145)

74
Q

Bacillus cereus food poisoning is also known as what

A

fried rice syndrome

75
Q

is Bacillus cereus food poisoning a severe disease

A

no a mild illness

76
Q

Bacillus cereus food poisoning is caused by what

A

Bacillus cereus

77
Q

What is the most often reason for Bacillus cereus food poisoning

A

rice dishes that have been cooked and then held for hours at room temp

78
Q

Is appendicitis an infectious disease

A

not generally

79
Q

Appendicitis is often caused by what

A

an infection

80
Q

what is appendicitis most often believed to be cause by

A

blockage of the opening from the appendix to cecum

81
Q

what pathogen is likely to be found in appendicitis

A

Bacteroides fragilis

Micro (FINAL) (8 decks)

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