Bacterial Diseases of the Gastrointestinal tract Flashcards by james hall

what is the purpose of the GI tract

digest food, absorb nutrients and water into the blood and eliminates waste

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Dental Caries and gingivitis are also known as

periodontal disease

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Caries appears as what on the teeth

holes or pits

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Gingivitis leaves the gums how

swollen, tender, bright red or bleeding

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Caries is frequently caused by what

Streptococcus mutans

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Gingivitis is caused by what pathogen

Porphyromonas gingivalis

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Diets high in what will increase the risk of tooth decay

sucrose and acids

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what is a great way to prevent caries and gingivitis

good oral hygiene

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what is the main symptom of peptic ulcers

abdomina pain

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what are the two types of peptic ulcers

Duodenal and Gastric

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Duodeal ulcers respond to food how

the are relieved by food

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Gastric ulcers respond to food how

exacerbated by food

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90% of peptic ulcers are caused by what

Helicobacter pylori

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what is the transmission of the peptic ulcer pathogen

fecal oral transmission

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what can worsen a peptic ulcer

stress

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Gastroenteritis is inflammation of what

stomach or intestines

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Gastroenteritis is associated with contaminated what

food or water

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what are the general symptoms of Gastroenteritis

nausea and vomiting, Diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps

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Cholera can ultimately lead to what

death

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symptoms of cholera usually begin 2-3 days following infection accompanied by what

explosive watery diarrhea and vomiting

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what you hear “rice-water stool” what should you automatically thing

cholera

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What is cholera caused by

Vibrio cholerae

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vibrio cholera produces what

cholera toxin

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why is vibrio cholera the most common vibrio to infect humans

it is the only one to survive in freshwater

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humans get infected by vibrio cholerae through what route

fecal oral route by ingesting contaminated water and food

what is the cholera diagnoses primarily based on

rice water stools

Shigellosis is also know as

bacillary dysentery

Shigellosis causes abdominal cramps, fever, diarrhea and what else

blood, pus or mucus in stool

shigellosis is cause by four species of what

shigella

shigella what is the cause of 2/3 of the shigellosis cases in the us

shigella sonnei

1/3 of the shigellosis cases in the us is caused by

shigella flexneri

how is shigellosis transmitted usually

fecal oral route by ingesting bacteria from contaminated hands or consuming contaminated foods

Traveler’s diarrhea has a hallmark symptom of what

watery diarrhea

Travelers diarrhea is primarily caused by what pathogen

Escherichia coli

What is the #1 disease caused by E. Coli

gastroenteritis

what is the route taken by E. coli to cause travelers diarrhea

oral fecal route, most often from consumption of undercooked beef, or unpasteurized milk/fruit juice contaminated with feces

what is a great way to prevent travelers diarrhea

handwashing

anti-diarrhea drugs will do what to the symptoms of travelers diarrhea

prolong them

Campylobacter diarrhea infections produse self-limiting what

bloody and frequent diarhea

campylobacter diarrhea is often seen how many times a day

about 10 times a day

how long can campylobacter diarrhea last for

about 7-10 days

what is the pathogen that causes campylobacter diarrhea

campylobacter jejuni

campylobacter jejuni is the most common causative agent for what

Bacterial gastroenteritis in the us

what is what most cause source of the campylobacter diarrhea infection

poultry

how can one prevent campylobacter diarrhea

prevent with proper hygiene after handling raw poultry, cook poultry thoroughly (165)

Antimicrobial associated diarrhea, in severe cases can develop what

pseudomembranous colitis

Can antimicrobial associated diarrhea be fatal

yes it can be life-threatening

what is the pathogen related to antimicrobial associated diarrhea

clostridium difficiles

what antimicrobial can trigger antimicrobial associated diarrhea

any of them

what can be helpful in reducing C. difficult and other antibiotic-inducing diarrhea

Probiotics

What are the two diseases of Salmonellosis

Acute bacterial gastroenteritis and typhoid fever (enteric fever)

Acute bacterial gastroenteritis results from what

foodborne infection/intoxication

typhoid fever results from what

bacterial invasion of the blood stream

Salmonella food poisoning is associated with which salmonellosis

acute bacterial gastroenteritis

Salmonella food poisoning leads to what type of diarrhea

non-bloody

typhoid fever can perforate the intestinal wall and cause what

peritonitis

Salmonellosis is caused by what pathogen

Salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica Typhi and Paratyphi cause what

typhoid fever

Salmonella enterica enteritidis and typhimurium cause what

Salmonellosis

Salmonella food poisoning often acquired by consuming what

contaminated eggs, poultry, or inadequately pasteurized milk

typhoid fever acquired by consuming what

contaminated food or water

Salmonella food poisoning is usually what

self-limiting

how can one prevent Salmonellosis

proper hygiene, avoiding raw eggs (esp. if unpasteurized)

What is the pathogen that causes Staphylococcal food poisoning

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcal food poisoning is transmitted by eating what

contaminated food

Clostridial food poisoning is caused by what pathogen

clostridium perfringens

what is not a sign or symptoms of clostridial food poisoning

No fever or nausea and vomiting

What are two ways to prevent Clostridial food poisoning

refrigeration and reheating foods

Yersinia food poisoning causes inflammation of the intestinal trance and sometimes mimics what

appendicitis

what is Yersinia food poisoning

Yersinia enterocolitica

Consumption of what can lead to Yersinia food poisoning

contaminated port (undercooked)

Yersinia often infects what population of individuals

kids

what is a good way to prevent yersinia food poisoning

proper hand washing and properly cooking pork (145)

Bacillus cereus food poisoning is also known as what

fried rice syndrome

is Bacillus cereus food poisoning a severe disease

no a mild illness

Bacillus cereus food poisoning is caused by what

Bacillus cereus

What is the most often reason for Bacillus cereus food poisoning

rice dishes that have been cooked and then held for hours at room temp

Is appendicitis an infectious disease

not generally

Appendicitis is often caused by what

an infection

what is appendicitis most often believed to be cause by

blockage of the opening from the appendix to cecum

what pathogen is likely to be found in appendicitis

Bacteroides fragilis