Bacterial classification

Question 1

List gram positive rods genus(es)

Answer 1

Bacillus, Clostridium, Listeria, Cornyebacterium

Question 2

Describe Bacillus
Size
Environment
Spores?
Aerobic/Anaerobic

Answer 2

Gram positive rod 
Large rod
Air, soil, water
Aerobic
Spore former

Question 3

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 3

causes anthrax

Question 4

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Answer 4

Heat resistant

Question 5

Bacillus cereus

Answer 5

food poisoning (rice)

Question 6

Describe Clostridium
Size
Environment
Spores?
Aerobic/Anaerobic

Answer 6

Gram positive rod
soil, water
anaerobic
produces gas

Question 7

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 7

gas gangrene

Question 8

Clostridium tetani

Answer 8

Tetanus

Question 9

Clostridium botulinium

Answer 9

Food poisoning and botox

Question 10

Describe Listeria

Answer 10

Gram positive rod
common in environment
Can grow at fridge temperature

Question 11

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 11

listeriosis

can cross placenta

Question 12

Describe Cornyebacterium

Answer 12

Gram positive rod
irregular shaped rod
air, water, skin
aerobic

Question 13

Cornyebacterium glutamicum

Answer 13

used to make glutamic acid (MSG) for crisps

Question 14

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 14

causes diphtheria. produces exotoxin

Question 15

Name some gram positive cocci genuses

Answer 15

Staphlyococcus, Streptococcus,

Question 16

Describe Staphylococcus

Answer 16

air, soil, skin
facultative anaerobe
opportunistic pathogen

Question 17

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 17

Boils, TSS (toxic shock syndrome), endocarditis (heart valve infection), antibiotic resistance in hospitals

Question 18

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Answer 18

Medical device infection

Question 19

Describe Streptococcus

Answer 19

Air, soil, throat
facultative anaerobe
opportunistic pathogen

Question 20

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 20

Bacterial pneumonia, has a capsule for protection

Question 21

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 21

sore throats, scarlet fever

Question 22

Name some gram negative rod genuses

Answer 22

Pseudomonas, Escherichia

Question 23

Describe Pseudomonas

Answer 23

Ubiquitous 
Aerobic 
Opportunistic pathogen
antibiotic resistant
biochemically versatile

Question 24

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 24

50% of gram negative infections
Cystic fibrosis
Conjunctivitis - contact lens contamination
Secondary infection of wounds, burns etc

Question 25

Describe Escherichia

Answer 25

soil, water, vegetation
facultative aerobe
enteric (lives in gut)

Question 26

Escherichia Coli

Answer 26

Some strains are pathogens
80% of UTIs
Infant enteritis
Cystitis

Question 27

List gram negative cocci genus(es)

Answer 27

Neisseria

Question 28

Describe Neisseria

Answer 28

Throats, air
Diplococci
Facultative anaerobe

Question 29

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 29

Bacterial meningitis
100% mortality if untreated
<15% mortality if treated

Question 30

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 30

Most common form of STD in USA

Strictly human pathogen

Question 31

Name 3 types of bacteria that are not gram negative or gram positive

Answer 31

Mycoplasmas - no cell wall
Mycobacteria - mycolic acid cell wall
Obligate intracellular bacteria

Question 32

Mycoplasmas

examples

Answer 32

Smallest free living organisms
no cell wall 
very small genome
Mycoplasmas pneumoniae
Mycoplasmas genitalium

Question 33

Mycobacteria

examples

Answer 33

very slow growing
unusual cell wall structure - contains mycolic acid
acid-fast bacilli
stained using Ziel-Nielson stain
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae

Question 34

Obligately intracellular bacteria examples

Answer 34

Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Coxiella
All these bacteria must be cultivated in living tissue.

Question 35

OIB - Chlamydia

Answer 35

eg. C. trachomatis causes pelvic inflammatory disease, linked to ectopic pregnancy.

Question 36

OIB - Rickettsia

Answer 36

eg. R. prowazekii, causes typhus spread by arthropods.

Question 37

OIB - Coxiella

Answer 37

eg C. burnetti causes Q fever