Bacterial cell morphology - Cell wall Flashcards
1
Q
Gram positive cell wall properties are what?
A
- Thick peptidoglycan layer surrounding cell membrane [phospholipid bilayer]
- PURPLE stain
2
Q
Gram negative cell wall properties are what?
A
- Thin peptidoglycan layer
- Outer membrane (OM) surround peptidoglycan layer
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is embedded in OM [this acts as ENDOTOXIN]
- PINK stain
3
Q
What are two properties of flagella?
A
- Motility
- Can act as virulence factor [molecules that are produced by bacteria that add to bacterial effectiveness as well as help enable them to achieve colonization of the host]
4
Q
What are 4 properties of pili?
A
- aka. Fimbriae
- Serve as adherence factors
- Sex pili transfer plasmids
- Can act as virulence factor
5
Q
Two properties of a capsule…
A
- Protective walls around some G+ and G-
2. Virulence factor - impedes phagocytosis
6
Q
What are 3 properties of an endospore?
A
- Two Gram+ genus (species) - BACILLUS, CLOSTRIDIUM
- Protective, not reproductive
- Resist heat, drying, disinfectants
7
Q
What are 3 properties of exotoxins?
A
- Extracellular proteins released from both G+ and G- molecules
- Good inducer of antibody
- Specifically target….
- Enterotoxins = GI
- Neurotoxins = Nerves
- Pyrogenic = fever, rash
8
Q
What are 4 properties of endotoxins?
A
- Cell wall (LPS)
- RELEASED FROM G- ONLY [exception… G+ Listeria monocytogenes]
- Poor inducer of antibody
- Generalized reaction - fever, chills etc [flu like symptoms, non-specific]
9
Q
What are some characteristics of bacteremia? [3 things]
A
- bacteria in bloodstream
- silent, no S/S
- can trigger sepsis
10
Q
What are some characteristics of sepsis? [2 things]
A
- Bacteremia causes systemic immune response to infection
2. Response includes fever, high WBC, inc. HR
11
Q
What are the characteristics of septic shock? [2 things]
A
aka. endotoxic shock (usually G- due to endotoxic, but can be G+ such as with Listeria monocytogenes)
