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Antibiotics > Bacteria_Diseases > Flashcards

Bacteria_Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which clostridia cause flaccid paralysis? Which causes rigid paralysis?

A

Clostridia botulinum (flaccid), clostridia tetani (rigid)

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2
Q

Which organism causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

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3
Q

Treatment-induced infections are called _______ infections.

A

Ianogenic

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4
Q

Anaerobic strep is also known as _______

A

peptostreptococcus

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5
Q

From what injuries is peptosteptococcus normally recovered?

A

Abscessed cavities

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6
Q

What is the most abundant bacteria of the colon?

A

bacteroides fragilis

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7
Q

All of the bacteroides ________ bacteria are beta-lactamase produces, while only some of the bateroides _________ bacteria produce beta-lactamase.

A

fragilis, melaninogenicus

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8
Q

Where is bacteroides melaniogenicus commonly found?

A

Oral cavity, upper respiratory tract

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9
Q

Are clostridia spore-forming organisms?

A

Yes

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10
Q

The Neisseria meningiditis vaccine does not cover which serologic group implicated in many outbreaks?

A

Group B

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11
Q

How is neisseria meningiditis spread?

A

droplet nuclei

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12
Q

What characteristic of neisseria meningiditis resists phagocytosis, contributes to virulence and the need for vaccine protection?

A

Capsules surrounding bacteria

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13
Q

Which bacteria often causes co-infections with Neisseria gonorrhea?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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14
Q

What dangerous condition can neisseria gonorrhea cause in infected newborns that can lead to blindness?

A

Ophthalmia neonatorium

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15
Q

Which gram-negative aerobic diplococci species closely resembles Neisseria?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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16
Q

Where is moraxella catarrhalis’s natural reservoir?

A

nasal cavity

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17
Q

What is the most abundant organism found in GI normal flora (except for in the colon)?

A

Escherichia coli

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18
Q

The _________ of moraxella catarrhalis contributes to virulence but is different from the _________ of the enteric gram-negative bacilli.

A

lipo-polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide

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19
Q

What are the organisms of PESKY MESS?

A

Proteus, E. coli, Serratia, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Morganella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella

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20
Q

Most of the gram-negative aerobes of the enterobacteriaceae are ________ pathogens.

A

opportunistic

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21
Q

What are four enterobacteriaceae that are considered truly pathogenic and make up the “Gram-negative rod” or “coliforms”

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, some E. coli

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22
Q

What is the virulence factor of the gram-negative rods that leads to the development of gram-negative sepsis?

A

Endotoxin (lipo-polysaccharide)

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23
Q

What was the first organism to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases?

A

Escherichia coli

24
Q

Which organism is the most common cause of UTIs?

A

Escherichia coli

25
Q

Which E. coli is considered normal flora in cows but can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans?

A

enterohemorrhagic, EC O157:H7

26
Q

What two factors contribute to the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), capsule

27
Q

Where is Klebsiella pneumoniae normally found?

A

GI tract

28
Q

Beta-lactamases produced by Klebsiella affect ____ beta-lactam drugs

A

all

29
Q

What is an infection of the lower urinary tract (aka the bladder) called?

A

cystitis

30
Q

What is an infection of the upper urinary tract (the kidneys) called?

A

pyelonephritis

31
Q

What disease does Enterobacter cloacae commonly cause?

A

UTIs (pyelonephritis and cystitis)

32
Q

What contributes to the virulence of Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens?

A

endotoxin

33
Q

____ pigment strains of Serratia marcescens seem to be more virulent.

A

red

34
Q

What unique joint disease does Serratia marcescens cause?

A

infective arthritis

35
Q

Indole ______ proteus species tend to be more resistant to antibiotics.

A

negative

36
Q

What is the only indole positive proteus species (we talk about)?

A

Proteus mirabilis

37
Q

Proteus ______ and Morganella _______ are two examples of indole negative species.

A

vulgaris, morganii

38
Q

What is a unique characteristic of proteus species that gives it the name “swarmer” bacteria?

A

it has flagella that allows it to move

39
Q

What is a unique disease caused by proteus that creates staghorn calculi (struvit stones) that must be surgically removed?

A

urolithiasis

40
Q

Proteus species have _____ which allows them to break urea down into ammonia.

A

urease

41
Q

What true pathogen causes typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella typhi

42
Q

The capsule of Salmonella typhi allows it to survive within _______ but not _______

A

macrophages, neutrophils (doesn’t survive)

43
Q

Which Salmonella species causes watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, but is usually self-limiting?

A

salmonella enteriditis

44
Q

How many enterotoxins does Shigella dysenteriae produce?

A

two

45
Q

What is one virulence factor that protects Shigella dysenteriae in the GI tract and helps make it extremely contagious?

A

it resists stomach acid

46
Q

Which Yersinia species causes plague?

A

Yersinia pestis

47
Q

Yersinia species are pleomorphic, so their shape classification is…

A

coccobacilli

48
Q

Besides Y. pestis, what Yersinia species did we talk about?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

49
Q

What is another coccobacilli species that is the number one cause of epiglotittis in children?

A

Haemophilus influenza

50
Q

Haemophilus influenza is the number one cause of _______ in children 6 months to 6 years

A

meningitis

51
Q

The vaccine against H. influenzae meningitis protects against which strain?

A

type b

52
Q

Which organism likes to be around water and is very challenging to kill due to extensive antibiotic resistance?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

53
Q

Stenotrophomonas and Acinetobacter most commonly cause disease in what kind of people?

A

hospitalized patients recently on antibiotics

54
Q

How is Legionella pneumophilia transmitted and what disease does it cause?

A

transmitted through contaminated water, causes atypical pneumonia (Legionnaire’s disease)

55
Q

What organism commonly causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease?

A

Helicobacter pylori

Antibiotics (13 decks)

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