Bacteria_Diseases Flashcards
Which clostridia cause flaccid paralysis? Which causes rigid paralysis?
Clostridia botulinum (flaccid), clostridia tetani (rigid)
Which organism causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
Treatment-induced infections are called _______ infections.
Ianogenic
Anaerobic strep is also known as _______
peptostreptococcus
From what injuries is peptosteptococcus normally recovered?
Abscessed cavities
What is the most abundant bacteria of the colon?
bacteroides fragilis
All of the bacteroides ________ bacteria are beta-lactamase produces, while only some of the bateroides _________ bacteria produce beta-lactamase.
fragilis, melaninogenicus
Where is bacteroides melaniogenicus commonly found?
Oral cavity, upper respiratory tract
Are clostridia spore-forming organisms?
Yes
The Neisseria meningiditis vaccine does not cover which serologic group implicated in many outbreaks?
Group B
How is neisseria meningiditis spread?
droplet nuclei
What characteristic of neisseria meningiditis resists phagocytosis, contributes to virulence and the need for vaccine protection?
Capsules surrounding bacteria
Which bacteria often causes co-infections with Neisseria gonorrhea?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What dangerous condition can neisseria gonorrhea cause in infected newborns that can lead to blindness?
Ophthalmia neonatorium
Which gram-negative aerobic diplococci species closely resembles Neisseria?
Moraxella catarrhalis
Where is moraxella catarrhalis’s natural reservoir?
nasal cavity
What is the most abundant organism found in GI normal flora (except for in the colon)?
Escherichia coli
The _________ of moraxella catarrhalis contributes to virulence but is different from the _________ of the enteric gram-negative bacilli.
lipo-polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide
What are the organisms of PESKY MESS?
Proteus, E. coli, Serratia, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Morganella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella
Most of the gram-negative aerobes of the enterobacteriaceae are ________ pathogens.
opportunistic
What are four enterobacteriaceae that are considered truly pathogenic and make up the “Gram-negative rod” or “coliforms”
Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, some E. coli
What is the virulence factor of the gram-negative rods that leads to the development of gram-negative sepsis?
Endotoxin (lipo-polysaccharide)
What was the first organism to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases?
Escherichia coli
Which organism is the most common cause of UTIs?
Escherichia coli
Which E. coli is considered normal flora in cows but can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans?
enterohemorrhagic, EC O157:H7
What two factors contribute to the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae?
endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), capsule
Where is Klebsiella pneumoniae normally found?
GI tract
Beta-lactamases produced by Klebsiella affect ____ beta-lactam drugs
all
What is an infection of the lower urinary tract (aka the bladder) called?
cystitis
What is an infection of the upper urinary tract (the kidneys) called?
pyelonephritis
What disease does Enterobacter cloacae commonly cause?
UTIs (pyelonephritis and cystitis)
What contributes to the virulence of Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens?
endotoxin
____ pigment strains of Serratia marcescens seem to be more virulent.
red
What unique joint disease does Serratia marcescens cause?
infective arthritis
Indole ______ proteus species tend to be more resistant to antibiotics.
negative
What is the only indole positive proteus species (we talk about)?
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus ______ and Morganella _______ are two examples of indole negative species.
vulgaris, morganii
What is a unique characteristic of proteus species that gives it the name “swarmer” bacteria?
it has flagella that allows it to move
What is a unique disease caused by proteus that creates staghorn calculi (struvit stones) that must be surgically removed?
urolithiasis
Proteus species have _____ which allows them to break urea down into ammonia.
urease
What true pathogen causes typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi
The capsule of Salmonella typhi allows it to survive within _______ but not _______
macrophages, neutrophils (doesn’t survive)
Which Salmonella species causes watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, but is usually self-limiting?
salmonella enteriditis
How many enterotoxins does Shigella dysenteriae produce?
two
What is one virulence factor that protects Shigella dysenteriae in the GI tract and helps make it extremely contagious?
it resists stomach acid
Which Yersinia species causes plague?
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia species are pleomorphic, so their shape classification is…
coccobacilli
Besides Y. pestis, what Yersinia species did we talk about?
Yersinia enterocolitica
What is another coccobacilli species that is the number one cause of epiglotittis in children?
Haemophilus influenza
Haemophilus influenza is the number one cause of _______ in children 6 months to 6 years
meningitis
The vaccine against H. influenzae meningitis protects against which strain?
type b
Which organism likes to be around water and is very challenging to kill due to extensive antibiotic resistance?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Stenotrophomonas and Acinetobacter most commonly cause disease in what kind of people?
hospitalized patients recently on antibiotics
How is Legionella pneumophilia transmitted and what disease does it cause?
transmitted through contaminated water, causes atypical pneumonia (Legionnaire’s disease)
What organism commonly causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease?
Helicobacter pylori
