Bacteria_Diseases

Question 1

Which clostridia cause flaccid paralysis? Which causes rigid paralysis?

Answer 1

Clostridia botulinum (flaccid), clostridia tetani (rigid)

Question 2

Which organism causes gas gangrene?

Answer 2

Clostridium perfringens

Question 3

Treatment-induced infections are called _______ infections.

Answer 3

Ianogenic

Question 4

Anaerobic strep is also known as _______

Answer 4

peptostreptococcus

Question 5

From what injuries is peptosteptococcus normally recovered?

Answer 5

Abscessed cavities

Question 6

What is the most abundant bacteria of the colon?

Answer 6

bacteroides fragilis

Question 7

All of the bacteroides ________ bacteria are beta-lactamase produces, while only some of the bateroides _________ bacteria produce beta-lactamase.

Answer 7

fragilis, melaninogenicus

Question 8

Where is bacteroides melaniogenicus commonly found?

Answer 8

Oral cavity, upper respiratory tract

Question 9

Are clostridia spore-forming organisms?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

The Neisseria meningiditis vaccine does not cover which serologic group implicated in many outbreaks?

Answer 10

Group B

Question 11

How is neisseria meningiditis spread?

Answer 11

droplet nuclei

Question 12

What characteristic of neisseria meningiditis resists phagocytosis, contributes to virulence and the need for vaccine protection?

Answer 12

Capsules surrounding bacteria

Question 13

Which bacteria often causes co-infections with Neisseria gonorrhea?

Answer 13

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 14

What dangerous condition can neisseria gonorrhea cause in infected newborns that can lead to blindness?

Answer 14

Ophthalmia neonatorium

Question 15

Which gram-negative aerobic diplococci species closely resembles Neisseria?

Answer 15

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 16

Where is moraxella catarrhalis’s natural reservoir?

Answer 16

nasal cavity

Question 17

What is the most abundant organism found in GI normal flora (except for in the colon)?

Answer 17

Escherichia coli

Question 18

The _________ of moraxella catarrhalis contributes to virulence but is different from the _________ of the enteric gram-negative bacilli.

Answer 18

lipo-polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide

Question 19

What are the organisms of PESKY MESS?

Answer 19

Proteus, E. coli, Serratia, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Morganella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella

Question 20

Most of the gram-negative aerobes of the enterobacteriaceae are ________ pathogens.

Answer 20

opportunistic

Question 21

What are four enterobacteriaceae that are considered truly pathogenic and make up the “Gram-negative rod” or “coliforms”

Answer 21

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, some E. coli

Question 22

What is the virulence factor of the gram-negative rods that leads to the development of gram-negative sepsis?

Answer 22

Endotoxin (lipo-polysaccharide)

Question 23

What was the first organism to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases?

Answer 23

Escherichia coli

Question 24

Which organism is the most common cause of UTIs?

Answer 24

Escherichia coli

Question 25

Which E. coli is considered normal flora in cows but can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans?

Answer 25

enterohemorrhagic, EC O157:H7

Question 26

What two factors contribute to the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae?

Answer 26

endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), capsule

Question 27

Where is Klebsiella pneumoniae normally found?

Answer 27

GI tract

Question 28

Beta-lactamases produced by Klebsiella affect ____ beta-lactam drugs

Answer 28

all

Question 29

What is an infection of the lower urinary tract (aka the bladder) called?

Answer 29

cystitis

Question 30

What is an infection of the upper urinary tract (the kidneys) called?

Answer 30

pyelonephritis

Question 31

What disease does Enterobacter cloacae commonly cause?

Answer 31

UTIs (pyelonephritis and cystitis)

Question 32

What contributes to the virulence of Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens?

Answer 32

endotoxin

Question 33

____ pigment strains of Serratia marcescens seem to be more virulent.

Answer 33

red

Question 34

What unique joint disease does Serratia marcescens cause?

Answer 34

infective arthritis

Question 35

Indole ______ proteus species tend to be more resistant to antibiotics.

Answer 35

negative

Question 36

What is the only indole positive proteus species (we talk about)?

Answer 36

Proteus mirabilis

Question 37

Proteus ______ and Morganella _______ are two examples of indole negative species.

Answer 37

vulgaris, morganii

Question 38

What is a unique characteristic of proteus species that gives it the name "swarmer" bacteria?

Answer 38

it has flagella that allows it to move

Question 39

What is a unique disease caused by proteus that creates staghorn calculi (struvit stones) that must be surgically removed?

Answer 39

urolithiasis

Question 40

Proteus species have _____ which allows them to break urea down into ammonia.

Answer 40

urease

Question 41

What true pathogen causes typhoid fever?

Answer 41

Salmonella typhi

Question 42

The capsule of Salmonella typhi allows it to survive within _______ but not _______

Answer 42

macrophages, neutrophils (doesn't survive)

Question 43

Which Salmonella species causes watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, but is usually self-limiting?

Answer 43

salmonella enteriditis

Question 44

How many enterotoxins does Shigella dysenteriae produce?

Answer 44

two

Question 45

What is one virulence factor that protects Shigella dysenteriae in the GI tract and helps make it extremely contagious?

Answer 45

it resists stomach acid

Question 46

Which Yersinia species causes plague?

Answer 46

Yersinia pestis

Question 47

Yersinia species are pleomorphic, so their shape classification is...

Answer 47

coccobacilli

Question 48

Besides Y. pestis, what Yersinia species did we talk about?

Answer 48

Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 49

What is another coccobacilli species that is the number one cause of epiglotittis in children?

Answer 49

Haemophilus influenza

Question 50

Haemophilus influenza is the number one cause of _______ in children 6 months to 6 years

Answer 50

meningitis

Question 51

The vaccine against H. influenzae meningitis protects against which strain?

Answer 51

type b

Question 52

Which organism likes to be around water and is very challenging to kill due to extensive antibiotic resistance?

Answer 52

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 53

Stenotrophomonas and Acinetobacter most commonly cause disease in what kind of people?

Answer 53

hospitalized patients recently on antibiotics

Question 54

How is Legionella pneumophilia transmitted and what disease does it cause?

Answer 54

transmitted through contaminated water, causes atypical pneumonia (Legionnaire's disease)

Question 55

What organism commonly causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 55

Helicobacter pylori