Bacteria & Types of antibiotic Flashcards
List the main classes of antibiotics?
And give examples of each.
B-lactams
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- carbapenems
Aminoglycosides
- gentamicin
Glycopeptides
- vancomycin
Quinolones
- ciprofloxacin
Tetracyclines
- doxycycline
- oxytetracycline
Macrolides
- erythromycin
- clarithromycin
Metronidazole
B-lactams
Key feature?
Mode of action?
Examples?
Which bugs do they kill?
All contain a beta-lactam ring
Inhibit bacterial wall biosynthesis
Penicillins: amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, BenPen They kill: - gram +ve - staph and strep - clostridium - listeria
Cephalosporins: cefotaxime, cefuroxime
They kill:
- gram +ve and -ve
- N. meningitidis
Carbapenems: meropenem They kill: - broad spectrum - resistant bacteria - gram -ve more than +ve
Aminoglycosides
Mode of action?
Examples?
Which bugs do they kill?
Inhibit synthesis of proteins by bacteria leading to cell death
Gentamicin
Streptomycin
They kill:
- gram -ve
Glycopeptides
Mode of action?
Examples?
Which bugs do they kill?
Inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis
Often a last resort
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
They kill:
- gram +ve
- MRSA
Quinolones
Mode of action?
Examples?
Which bugs do they kill?
Interfere with bacteria DNA replication and transcription
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
They kill:
- gram +ve and -ve
- bone infections
Tetracyclines
Mode of action?
Examples?
Which bugs do they kill?
Inhibit synthesis of proteins by bacteria preventing growth
Tetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline
Limecycline
They kill
Macrolides
Mode of action?
Examples?
Which bugs do they kill?
Inhibit protein synthesis by bacteria, leading to cell death
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
They kill:
- gram +ve (Strep and staph)
- gram -ve (H. influenzae, B. pertussis)
Metronidazole
Mode of action?
Which bugs does it kill?
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting DNA
It kills:
- bacterial vaginosis
- trichomonas
- H. pylori
- amoebiasis
- little effect on gram +ve
What class of antibiotics are these from?
- Vancomycin
- Gentamicin
- Doxycycline
- Ciprofloxacin
- Flucloxacillin
- Azithromycin
- BenPen
- Cefotaxime
- Erythromycin
- Meropenem
- Clarithromycin
- Glycopeptides
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
- Quinolones
- Penicillin
- Macrolide
- B-lactam, penicillin
- B-lactam, cephalosporin
- Macrolide
- Beta-lactam, carbapenem
- Macrolide
Gram +ve bacteria.
List some bacilli.
- aerobic
- anaerobic
List some cocci.
- what patterns are they seen in?
Bacilli
- aerobic: bacilli, listeria, mycobacterium
- anaerobic: clostridium
Cocci
- Staph: clusters
- Strep: chains
Streptococci can be subdivided into categories.
What are they?
Name some for each?
- Beta - Haemolytic:
- Group B (S. agalactiae)
- Group A (S. pyogenes) - Alpha - Partially haemolytic
- Optochin sensitive: S. pneumoniae
- Not optochin sensitive: Viridans strep - Gamma - Non-haemolytic
- Enterococci: E. faecalis
- Nonenterococcus: S. bovis
Staphylococci can be subdivided into categories.
What are they?
Name some for each?
Coagulase +ve: s. aureus
Coagulase -ve: s. epidermidis
Draw out the family tree of the gram positive bacteria.
Give examples
https://step1.medbullets.com/microbiology/104192/gram-positive-bacteria
Gram negative bacteria.
List some:
- diplococci
- coccobacilli
- bacilli
- comma shaped
Diplococci:
- N. meningitidis
- N. gonorrhoea
- Moraxella
Coccobacilli:
- H. influenzae
- B. pertussis
- Brucella
Bacilli:
- Pseudomonas
- Shigella
- Salmonella
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
Comma shaped:
- Campylobacter jejuni
- V. cholerae
- H. pylori
Gram negative bacilli can be split into categories.
What are they?
Give examples.
Lactose fermenting
- slow: Serratia, Citrobacter
- fast: E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
Non-lactose fermenting
- oxidiase positive: pseudomonas
- oxidase negative: shigella, salmonella, yersinia, proteus
