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Bacteriology > Bacteria structure, function and infection > Flashcards

Bacteria structure, function and infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL)?

A

Lecture 1, slide 12

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2
Q

Why are we interested in infectious agents?

A
  • Microbiome
  • the human microbiota is abundant, complex, diverse and highly specific
  • microbiome is a potential source of novel chemicals, e.g. antibiotics. Since bacteria in the microbiota are adapted to antagonise and compete with other bacteria in their niche.

-infections are the leading cause of death

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3
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Lecture 1, slide 23

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4
Q

What are the different shapes of bacteria?

A

Lecture 1, slide 24-25

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5
Q

What is the general structure of a bacterium?

A

Lecture 1, slide 26

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6
Q

What are the differences between the structures of Gram + and Gram - bacteria?

A

Lecture 1, slide 28-32

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7
Q

Why can some bacteria not be Gram stained?

A

Lecture 1, slide 29

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8
Q

What colour are Gram- and Gram+ bacteria after Gram staining?

A

Gram+ : purple

Gram - : pink/red

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9
Q

What have we learnt from bacteria?

A

Lecture 1, slide 34-41

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10
Q

Why do bacteria continue to be a problem?

A

Lecture 1, slide 43-44

-mutations can be intra- and intergenomic

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11
Q

Give an example of a community-acquired infection and an example of a hospital-acquired infection.

A

Lecture 1, slides 47-49

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12
Q

What is CRISPR/Cas?

A

Lecture 2, slide 3

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13
Q

What is tropism?

A

Lecture 2, slide 7

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14
Q

What is the complement system?

A

Lecture 2, slide 9

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15
Q

What is the structure of peptidoglycan?

A

Lecture 2, slide 13

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16
Q

What is the difference between the structure of peptidoglycan in Gram- and Gram+ bacteria?

A

Lecture 2, slide 14

17
Q

What receptors detect peptidoglycans?

A

Lecture 2, slide 15

18
Q

How does peptidoglycan from gut microbiota contribute to homeostasis?

A

Lecture 2, slide 16

19
Q

What are teichoic acids and what is their function?

A

Lecture 2, slide 17

20
Q

What is the structure and function of the Gram- outer membrane?

A

Lecture 2, slide 18

21
Q

What is the structure of lipopolysaccharide?

A

Lecture 2, slide 19,21

22
Q

What is the role of the O-antigen and core polysaccharides? Give bacteria examples.

A

Lecture 2, slide 20

23
Q

What is the function of Lipid A? How is it recognised by the host and what happens after it is?

A

Lecture 2, slide 22

24
Q

What important functions do bacterial surface molecules/structures have during infection?

A

Lecture 2, slide 10

25
Q

Why is it important to know if a bacterium is Gram+ or Gram-?

A

Lecture 2, slide 24

26
Q

What are some important bacterial structures?

A
  • capsules
  • flagella
  • pili
  • secretion systems
  • toxins
27
Q

What are bacterial capsules and what are their functions?

A

Lecture 2, slide 27

28
Q

How do bacterial capsules protect bacteria from host immunity?

A

Lecture 2, slide 28

  • anti-phagocytotic
  • protects them from complement-mediated lysis (e.g. because the outer membrane of Gram- bacteria is a target for MAC)
29
Q

What is the structure and function of flagella?

A

Lecture 2, slides 30-32

30
Q

What is recognises flagellin? Why is flagellin used in vaccines?

A

Lecture 2, slide 33

31
Q

What is the structure and role of pili?

A

Lecture 2, slide 34

32
Q

How are some pili assembled? Which two pili are involved in host-pathogen interactions of many E.coli bacteria and what are their tip adhesions?

A

Lecture 2, slide 35

33
Q

What role do type 1 and P pili play in the pathogenesis of UPEC?

A

Lecture 2, slides 36-37

  • they are virulence factors
  • Pap plays an important role in upper UTIs
  • type 1 pili plays an important role in lower UTIs
34
Q

What is the role of type 1 pilus in the pathogenesis of UPEC?

A

Lecture 2, slides 38-40

35
Q

Suggest a way to protect people from recurrent UTIs?

A

Lecture 2, slide 41

-Fim ligands

36
Q

What are secretion systems and the different types?

A

Lecture 2, slide 42

37
Q

What is the structure and role of type three secretion systems?

A

Lecture 2, slide 43-44

38
Q

What are toxins and what are their roles? What are some different types of toxins?

A

Lecture 2, slide 45-47
(slide 47 is a list of exotoxins)
-TSST: toxic shock syndrome toxin. Produced by Staphylococcus aureus.
-speA and speB are produced by by Streptococcus pyogenes.
-Superantigens: are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system.

39
Q

What roles do bacterial surface structures have in colonisation and disease?

A

Lecture 3, slide 48

Bacteriology (3 decks)

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