Bacteria Staining / Microbacteria

Question 1

Negative Staining - Main Idea

Answer 1

Adds hydrogen to solution so the negative charge repels the negative charge in the cells, staining everything but the cells.

Question 2

Negative Staining - Dye

Answer 2

Nigrosin

Question 3

Acid-Fast Staining - Main Idea

Answer 3

Carbol fuschin penetrates lipids and fats and shows a high affinity for mycolic acid, dying positive cells pink

Question 4

Acid-Fast Staining - Dye

Answer 4

Carbol fuschin

Question 5

Capsule Staining - Main Idea

Answer 5

Polypeptides and polysaccharides form a slime layer around the bacteria and give a bluish halo around the positive cell’s glycolax.

Question 6

Capsule Staining - Dye

Answer 6

Dye - Crystal violet

Counterstain - copper sulfate

Question 7

Gram Staining - Main Idea

Answer 7

Crystal violet dyes peptidoglycan layer, then it’s washed and rinsed, and safranin is added and dyes without discrimination but shrunken cells can’t hold it, dying positive cells purple.

Question 8

Gram Staining - Dye

Answer 8

Crystal violet, safranin

Question 9

Endospore Staining - Main Idea

Answer 9

Slide is covered with Malachite Green and held over a steam bath for 3-5, minutes, cooled, rinsed, covered with Safranin, rinsed, and dried to dye bacterial cells green.

Question 10

Endospore Staining - Dye

Answer 10

Malachite Green, safranin

Question 11

Flagella Staining - Main Idea

Answer 11

Draw a wax border around the sample and add the flagella dye, keeping it inside the wax border and flood the slide with water without tipping the slide to reveal the flagellum’s presence.

Question 12

Flagella Staining - Dye

Answer 12

Flagella stain solution, carbol fuschin

Question 13

Biohazard Level 1

Answer 13

Only one allowed in schools

Question 14

Biohazard Level 2

Answer 14

Common disease agents

Question 15

Biohazard Level 3 and 4

Answer 15

Requires hazmat suits, own building, etc.

Question 16

Domain

Answer 16

Bacteria

Question 17

Kingdom

Answer 17

Bacterai

Question 18

Phylum

Answer 18

Prokarya

Question 19

Nucleoid

Answer 19

An unbounded center of DNA

Question 20

Plasmid

Answer 20

Circular DNA that can get passed to other DNA

Question 21

Flagellum / Pilli

Answer 21

Not always present, helps it move

Question 22

Bacterial replication

Answer 22

Binary fission, not meiosis

Question 23

Bacillus

Answer 23

Rod-shaped

Question 24

Coccus

Answer 24

Round

Question 25

Coccobacillus

Answer 25

Short rod

Question 26

Vibrio

Answer 26

Crescent shaped

Question 27

Spirillium

Answer 27

Flexible tube

Question 28

Spirochete

Answer 28

More of a spiral shape

Question 29

Five “I’s” of studying microorganisms

Answer 29

Inoculation
Incubation
Isolation
Inspection
Identification

Question 30

Sterility methods

Answer 30

Incineration, chemicals, autoclave, radiation

Question 31

General purpose media

Answer 31

Allows for growth of a broad-range of microorganisms

Question 32

Enriched media (defined)

Answer 32

Provides special growth factors

Question 33

Selective media

Answer 33

Inhibits the growth of some bacteria while supporting others

Question 34

Differential media

Answer 34

Allows us to differentiate based on certain characteristics

Question 35

Diplo

Answer 35

Double

Question 36

Stepto

Answer 36

Three or more on the same plane

Question 37

Staph

Answer 37

Grape-like structures

Question 38

Sarcina

Answer 38

Three different planes

Question 39

Tetrad

Answer 39

Two by two stacked