Bacteria Overview Flashcards by Rachel Glass

List gram positive cocci

Staph (catalase positive)
Strep (catalase negative)
Peptostrep (catalase negative)
Enterococci (catalase negative)

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List coagulase positive staph

S aureus

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List coagulase negative staph

S epidermidis
S saprophyticus

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List alpha hemolytic strep

Strep pneumo
Strep viridans

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List beta hemolytic strep

Strep pyogenes
Strep agalactiae

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Name gamma hemolytic strep

Enterococcus

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Name gram positive rods

Clostridium
Listeria
Coryne
Bacillus
Actinomyces
Nocardia

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Name gram negative diplococci

Neisseria

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Name gram negative rods

Enterobacteria
Coccobacilli
Other

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Name gram negative bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae:
Escherichia
Klebsiella
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Proteus
Citrobacter
Serratia

Legionella
H pylori
Pseudomonas
Bartonella henselae

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Name gram negative coccobacilli

Haemophilus
Bordetella
Pastuerella

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Which gram positive rods have branching filaments?

Actinomyces (anaerobic)
Nocardia (aerobic)

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How does one differentiate coagulase negative gram positives?

Staph epidermidis - novobiocin sensitive
Staph saprophyticus - novobiocin resistant

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How does one differentiate alpha hemolytic strep?

Strep pneumo - optochin sensitive, bile soluble
Strep viridans - optochin resistant, bile insoluble

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How does one differentiate beta hemolytic strep?

Strep pyogenes - Bacitracin sensitive
Strep agalactiae - Bacitracin resistant

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What in viridans streptococci facilitates binding to fibrin plate aggregates on damaged heart valves?

Dextran

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Which enzymes are produced by strep pyogenes?

DNase
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase

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Which proteins are produced by strep pyogenes?

Protein F
M protein

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Which disease is linked to strep gallolyticus?

Colorectal carcinoma

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Which antibiotics do enterococcus have an intrinsic resistance to?

Cephalosporins
Penicillin G

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What is the protective function of catalase?

Protects against ROS

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What is the protective function of coagulase?

Protects against phagocytosis

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Name enzymes produced in staph aureus

Catalase
Coagulase
Hemolysins
Hyaluronidase
Lipase
Penicillinase

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What was streptococcus gallolyticus previously known as?

Strep bovis biotype I

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Enterococci are PYR positive/negative

PYR positive

What toxins are produced by clostridioides difficile?

Toxin A (enterotoxin) Toxin B (cytotoxin)

Give treatment options for c diff

Oral vancomycin Fidaxomicin Metronidazole (old drug)

How are c perfringens bacteria described on culture?

Club shaped bacilli

Which toxins are produced by c perfringens?

Exotoxins Alpha toxin Enterotoxin

Which condition is associated with c perfringens?

Gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis)

What treatment can you give for c perfringens?

Piptaz + clindamycin

How are c tetani bacteria described on culture?

Drumstick shaped bacilli

Which toxins are produced by c tetani?

Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin

What treatment can you give for c tetani?

Pen G Metronidazole

How is c botulinum described on culture?

Club shaped bacilli with flagella

How is c septicum described on culture?

Drumstick shaped bacilli

Which toxins are produced by c strepticum?

Alpha Beta Gamma Delta (Have hemolytic, DNAse and hyaluronidase activity)

Which other clostridium can cause gas gangene?

Clostridium septicum

What is the treatment of clostridium septicum?

Penicillin + clindamycin

What are reservoirs for listeria monocytogenes?

Unpasteurized milk products Cold deli meats Vertical transmission (transplacental/vaginal)

What is characteristic of listeria monocytogenes flagella?

Tumbling motility in liquid culture

What are the virulence factors of listeria monocytogenes?

Actin rocket tail Cold resistance Listeriolysin O

What is noted on culture of c diphtheriae?

Club shaped rods in angular arrangements

What is the treatment of diphtheria?

Macrolide or penicillin G Diphtheriae antitoxin

What is significant on culture of bacillus anthracis?

Bamboo stick shape Halo of projections around colonies (Medusa head)

Name virulence factors of bacillus anthracis

Polypeptide capsule Spore formation Anthrax toxin

What are the virulence factors of bacillus cereus?

Cereulide (enterotoxin) Spore formation

What is the reservoir for neisseria meningitidis?

Nasopharynx in humans

What is significant on bacterial culture of neisseria meningitidis?

Diplococcus Fastidious organism Grows on Thayer Martin agar Maltose and glucose fermenter

What are the virulence factors of neisseria meningitidis?

IgA1 protease Capsular polysaccharides Lipooligosaccharide Adhesins

What is the reservoir of neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Genital tract in humans

What is significant on bacterial culture of neisseria gonorrhoeae

Diplococcus Fastidious Grows on Thayer-Martin agar Glucose fermenter Maltose NON-fermenter

Name virulence factors of neisseria gonorrhoeae

IgA1 protease Lipop-oligosaccharide Adhesins

What is the reservoir of moraxella catarrhalis?

Nasopharynx in humans

What is significant on bacterial culture of moraxella catarrhalis?

Diplococcus Maltose NON-fermenter

What are virulence factors of moraxella catarrhalis?

Outer membrane vesicles Biofilm formation

What is the reservoir of haemophilus influenzae?

Nasopharynx Aerosol transmission

What is significant on bacterial culture for haemophilus influenzae?

Isolates on chocolate agar Satellitism in culture (can grow in hemolytic zone of s aureus due to factor V production via hemolysis)

Name the virulence factors of haemophilus influenzae

IgA protease Capsular polysaccharide (vaccine protects against this therefore infection usually caused by unencapsulated strains)

Which diseases does haemophilus influenzae cause?

OM Conjunctivitis Epiglottitis Sinusitis Pneumonia Meningitis

What are the virulence factors of haemophilus ducreyi?

Hemolysin Cytolethal-distending toxin (forms ulcers)

Which disease is caused by haemophilus ducreyi?

Chancroid

What are the hosts of brucella melitensis?

Goats Sheep

What are the characteristics of brucella on blood culture?

Facultative intracellular (macrophages) Charcoal yeast extract agar

Name the virulence factors of brucella

Lipopolysaccharide Type IV secretion system (T4SS) Superoxide dismutase Catalase positive Urease Cytochrome oxidase

What is the reservoir of brucella abortus?

Unpasteurized dairy Cattle (hosts)

What is the reservoir of bordetella ?

Humans

Which medium does bordetella grow on?

Bordet-Gengou agar Regan-Lowe medium

Name the virulence factors of bordetella

Capsule Pertussis toxin Tracheal cytotoxin

What is the reservoir of pasteurella multocida?

Oropharynx animals (dogs, cats)

What is significant on blood culture of pasteurella multocida?

Charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine and iron Bipolar staining

What are the virulence factors of pasteurella multocida?

Capsule Catalase positive LPS Fimbria Adhesins

What is the reservoir of acinetobacter baumannii?

Human skin, oropharaynx and respiratory tract

What are the significant features of a baumannii on blood culture?

Oxidase negative Catalase positive

What are the virulence factors of a baumannii?

Outer membrane protein A (biofilm formation, immunomodulation)

What are the significant features of e coli on blood culture?

Sorbitol and lactose fermenters Cultures green on eosin-methylene blue agar

Name the virulence factors of e coli

LPS endotoxin Bile insoluble

Which e coli does not ferment sorbitol?

EHEC

What types of e coli are there?

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) Enterotoxin (ETEC)