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Bacteriology > Bacteria Overview > Flashcards

Bacteria Overview Flashcards

1
Q

List gram positive cocci

A

Staph (catalase positive)
Strep (catalase negative)
Peptostrep (catalase negative)
Enterococci (catalase negative)

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2
Q

List coagulase positive staph

A

S aureus

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3
Q

List coagulase negative staph

A

S epidermidis
S saprophyticus

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4
Q

List alpha hemolytic strep

A

Strep pneumo
Strep viridans

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5
Q

List beta hemolytic strep

A

Strep pyogenes
Strep agalactiae

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6
Q

Name gamma hemolytic strep

A

Enterococcus

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7
Q

Name gram positive rods

A

Clostridium
Listeria
Coryne
Bacillus
Actinomyces
Nocardia

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8
Q

Name gram negative diplococci

A

Neisseria

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9
Q

Name gram negative rods

A

Enterobacteria
Coccobacilli
Other

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10
Q

Name gram negative bacilli

A

Enterobacteriaceae:
Escherichia
Klebsiella
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Proteus
Citrobacter
Serratia

Legionella
H pylori
Pseudomonas
Bartonella henselae

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11
Q

Name gram negative coccobacilli

A

Haemophilus
Bordetella
Pastuerella

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12
Q

Which gram positive rods have branching filaments?

A

Actinomyces (anaerobic)
Nocardia (aerobic)

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13
Q

How does one differentiate coagulase negative gram positives?

A

Staph epidermidis - novobiocin sensitive
Staph saprophyticus - novobiocin resistant

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14
Q

How does one differentiate alpha hemolytic strep?

A

Strep pneumo - optochin sensitive, bile soluble
Strep viridans - optochin resistant, bile insoluble

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15
Q

How does one differentiate beta hemolytic strep?

A

Strep pyogenes - Bacitracin sensitive
Strep agalactiae - Bacitracin resistant

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16
Q

What in viridans streptococci facilitates binding to fibrin plate aggregates on damaged heart valves?

A

Dextran

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17
Q

Which enzymes are produced by strep pyogenes?

A

DNase
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase

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18
Q

Which proteins are produced by strep pyogenes?

A

Protein F
M protein

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19
Q

Which disease is linked to strep gallolyticus?

A

Colorectal carcinoma

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20
Q

Which antibiotics do enterococcus have an intrinsic resistance to?

A

Cephalosporins
Penicillin G

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21
Q

What is the protective function of catalase?

A

Protects against ROS

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22
Q

What is the protective function of coagulase?

A

Protects against phagocytosis

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23
Q

Name enzymes produced in staph aureus

A

Catalase
Coagulase
Hemolysins
Hyaluronidase
Lipase
Penicillinase

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24
Q

What was streptococcus gallolyticus previously known as?

A

Strep bovis biotype I

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25
Q

Enterococci are PYR positive/negative

A

PYR positive

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26
Q

What toxins are produced by clostridioides difficile?

A

Toxin A (enterotoxin)
Toxin B (cytotoxin)

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27
Q

Give treatment options for c diff

A

Oral vancomycin
Fidaxomicin
Metronidazole (old drug)

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28
Q

How are c perfringens bacteria described on culture?

A

Club shaped bacilli

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29
Q

Which toxins are produced by c perfringens?

A

Exotoxins
Alpha toxin
Enterotoxin

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30
Q

Which condition is associated with c perfringens?

A

Gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis)

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31
Q

What treatment can you give for c perfringens?

A

Piptaz + clindamycin

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32
Q

How are c tetani bacteria described on culture?

A

Drumstick shaped bacilli

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33
Q

Which toxins are produced by c tetani?

A

Tetanospasmin
Tetanolysin

34
Q

What treatment can you give for c tetani?

A

Pen G
Metronidazole

35
Q

How is c botulinum described on culture?

A

Club shaped bacilli with flagella

36
Q

How is c septicum described on culture?

A

Drumstick shaped bacilli

37
Q

Which toxins are produced by c strepticum?

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
(Have hemolytic, DNAse and hyaluronidase activity)

38
Q

Which other clostridium can cause gas gangene?

A

Clostridium septicum

39
Q

What is the treatment of clostridium septicum?

A

Penicillin + clindamycin

40
Q

What are reservoirs for listeria monocytogenes?

A

Unpasteurized milk products
Cold deli meats
Vertical transmission (transplacental/vaginal)

41
Q

What is characteristic of listeria monocytogenes flagella?

A

Tumbling motility in liquid culture

42
Q

What are the virulence factors of listeria monocytogenes?

A

Actin rocket tail
Cold resistance
Listeriolysin O

43
Q
A
43
Q

What is noted on culture of c diphtheriae?

A

Club shaped rods in angular arrangements

44
Q

What is the treatment of diphtheria?

A

Macrolide or penicillin G
Diphtheriae antitoxin

45
Q

What is significant on culture of bacillus anthracis?

A

Bamboo stick shape
Halo of projections around colonies (Medusa head)

46
Q

Name virulence factors of bacillus anthracis

A

Polypeptide capsule
Spore formation
Anthrax toxin

47
Q

What are the virulence factors of bacillus cereus?

A

Cereulide (enterotoxin)
Spore formation

47
Q
A
48
Q

What is the reservoir for neisseria meningitidis?

A

Nasopharynx in humans

49
Q

What is significant on bacterial culture of neisseria meningitidis?

A

Diplococcus
Fastidious organism
Grows on Thayer Martin agar
Maltose and glucose fermenter

50
Q

What are the virulence factors of neisseria meningitidis?

A

IgA1 protease
Capsular polysaccharides
Lipooligosaccharide
Adhesins

51
Q

What is the reservoir of neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Genital tract in humans

52
Q

What is significant on bacterial culture of neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Diplococcus
Fastidious
Grows on Thayer-Martin agar
Glucose fermenter
Maltose NON-fermenter

53
Q

Name virulence factors of neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

IgA1 protease
Lipop-oligosaccharide
Adhesins

54
Q

What is the reservoir of moraxella catarrhalis?

A

Nasopharynx in humans

55
Q

What is significant on bacterial culture of moraxella catarrhalis?

A

Diplococcus
Maltose NON-fermenter

56
Q

What are virulence factors of moraxella catarrhalis?

A

Outer membrane vesicles
Biofilm formation

57
Q

What is the reservoir of haemophilus influenzae?

A

Nasopharynx
Aerosol transmission

58
Q

What is significant on bacterial culture for haemophilus influenzae?

A

Isolates on chocolate agar
Satellitism in culture (can grow in hemolytic zone of s aureus due to factor V production via hemolysis)

59
Q

Name the virulence factors of haemophilus influenzae

A

IgA protease
Capsular polysaccharide (vaccine protects against this therefore infection usually caused by unencapsulated strains)

60
Q

Which diseases does haemophilus influenzae cause?

A

OM
Conjunctivitis
Epiglottitis
Sinusitis
Pneumonia
Meningitis

61
Q

What are the virulence factors of haemophilus ducreyi?

A

Hemolysin
Cytolethal-distending toxin (forms ulcers)

62
Q

Which disease is caused by haemophilus ducreyi?

A

Chancroid

63
Q

What are the hosts of brucella melitensis?

A

Goats
Sheep

64
Q

What are the characteristics of brucella on blood culture?

A

Facultative intracellular (macrophages)
Charcoal yeast extract agar

65
Q

Name the virulence factors of brucella

A

Lipopolysaccharide
Type IV secretion system (T4SS)
Superoxide dismutase
Catalase positive
Urease
Cytochrome oxidase

66
Q

What is the reservoir of brucella abortus?

A

Unpasteurized dairy
Cattle (hosts)

67
Q

What is the reservoir of bordetella ?

A

Humans

68
Q

Which medium does bordetella grow on?

A

Bordet-Gengou agar
Regan-Lowe medium

69
Q

Name the virulence factors of bordetella

A

Capsule
Pertussis toxin
Tracheal cytotoxin

70
Q

What is the reservoir of pasteurella multocida?

A

Oropharynx animals (dogs, cats)

71
Q

What is significant on blood culture of pasteurella multocida?

A

Charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine and iron
Bipolar staining

72
Q

What are the virulence factors of pasteurella multocida?

A

Capsule
Catalase positive
LPS
Fimbria
Adhesins

73
Q

What is the reservoir of acinetobacter baumannii?

A

Human skin, oropharaynx and respiratory tract

74
Q

What are the significant features of a baumannii on blood culture?

A

Oxidase negative
Catalase positive

75
Q

What are the virulence factors of a baumannii?

A

Outer membrane protein A (biofilm formation, immunomodulation)

76
Q

What are the significant features of e coli on blood culture?

A

Sorbitol and lactose fermenters
Cultures green on eosin-methylene blue agar

77
Q

Name the virulence factors of e coli

A

LPS endotoxin
Bile insoluble

78
Q

Which e coli does not ferment sorbitol?

A

EHEC

79
Q

What types of e coli are there?

A

Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enterotoxin (ETEC)

Bacteriology (4 decks)

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