Bacteria, our immune system 8.1

Question 1

What is a disease?

Answer 1

Term used to describe anything that prevents the body or parts of the body from functioning properly

Question 2

What is contagious diseases?

Answer 2

Diseases that can be easily spread from one person to another

Question 3

Where are individuals with contagious diseases put in until they recover?

Answer 3

Quarantine

Question 4

What is the contagiousness of a disease quantified by?

Answer 4

R0 value

Question 5

What is Bacteria?

Answer 5

microscopic and unicellular

Question 6

What are pathogens?

Answer 6

Organisms that cause disease

Question 7

What pathogens organisms cause diseases?

Answer 7

Bacteria, Viruses, fungi, parasites

Question 8

What does Good Hygiene includes?

Answer 8

Washing hand frequently and thoroughly
Sanitize all food preparation surfaces
Keep high risk foods like meat and dairy products separate
Use different utensils for raw and cooked food

Question 9

What are the bacterial diseases?

Answer 9

• Whooping Cough: chronic cough with congestion
• Tetanus: fever, high blood pressure, muscle spasms and lock jaw.
• Diphtheria: swollen throat, fever and weakness
• Impetigo: red sores forming around mouth and nose
• Pneumococcal: infections of lungs, ears and brain membranes.
• Meningococcal: inflammation of brain and spinal cord.
• Typhoid fever: fever, headache, stomach pain, diarrhea and rash.
  These if untreated could be fatal.

Question 10

What is Gastroenteritis?

Answer 10

Bacterium Salmonella Enteritis, food poisoning
Releases poisons, cause fever, headaches and server stomach pains
To expel pathogens, the body induces vomiting and diarrhea, causing dehydration
Can be prevented with good hygiene

Question 11

What is Tetanus?

Answer 11

C.Tentani causes tetanus which occur naturally in low oxygen environments
Bacterium multiples and releases poisons into the body
Toxins cause muscle spasms and lock jaw
Sever symptoms may include respiratory failure and heart attack
Preventable with vaccines but require 5 years boosters.

Question 12

What is Antibiotics?

Answer 12

Used to treat bacterial infections
Kill or inhabit growth of bacteria by targeting their cell walls or metabolic pathways
Not effective against other pathogens
Bacterial can be immune to antibiotics by antibiotics not being completed

Question 13

What is an Infection?

Answer 13

Occurs and pathogen enters body reaches its target cells
When break through our line of defense in our immune system we get sick

Question 14

What is the First Line of Defense?

Answer 14

Prevent entry of the pathogen into the body
-Skins acts as Barrier
-Fluids wash away
-Hair and mucus prevent from entering lungs
-Acid kills some pathogens in stomach
- Empty digestive track through vomiting and diarrhea removes pathogens

Question 15

What is the Second Line of Defense?

Answer 15

Non-specific cellular responses
White blood cells engulf bacteria and kill them, when they become full they die and form yellow pus at infection site
Release histamine increase blood flow to heal causing inflammation and swelling at infection site

Question 16

What is the Third Line of Defense?

Answer 16

Specific cellular responses
Specific antibodies target and bind specifically to pathogens cause them to clump together
Antibodies remain in our body after infection, creating immunological memory

Question 17

What is Vaccination?

Answer 17

-Rely on the memory capabilities of our immune system
-Allow us to pass on immunity artificially
-May be made of dead/inactive pathogens, their proteins – still triggering the third line of defense and building memory, but not making us dangerously sick