Bacteria Coccis,Bacilis and others Gram + Flashcards
1
Q
grape like - gold in color
A
Staphylococcus Aureus
2
Q
Catalase Positive
Coaugulase Positive
Beta Hemolytic
A
Staphylococcus Aureus
3
Q
Yellow when Ferments Mannitol salt agar
A
S.Aureus
4
Q
Main virulence factor of S.Aureus
A
Protein A
5
Q
Can bind to the FC region of antibodies and this will prevent compliment from occurring. Preventing opsonization and phagocytosis
A
Protein A
6
Q
S Aureus Colonize
A
the nares
7
Q
Clinical Causes by S. Aerus
A
- Pneumonia: patchy infiltrate on x ray.
- Septic Arthritis in Adults
- Large erythematous abscesses.
- Rapid onset Bacterial Endocarditis.
- Most common cause of osteomyelitis in adults
- Scalded skin syndrome
- Food Poisoning
- Osteomyelitis
8
Q
Infiltrate on x-ray of S.Aureus pneumonia
A
Patchy Infiltrate
9
Q
Is common affter a S.Aureus infection?
A
A Icosahedron shaped capsule virus/
10
Q
Most common cause of Septic Arthritis in adults
A
S. Aureus
11
Q
IV drug use endocarditis
A
Tricuspid valve endocarditis by S. Aureus.
12
Q
Most common cause of osteomyelitis in adults 10
A
S. Aereus
13
Q
Scalded skin syndrome mediated by a what protease?
A
Exfoliative Toxin
14
Q
S. Aureus Toxins
A
Exfoliative Toxin
Toxic Shock Syndrome
15
Q
commonly caused by leaving a bandage in or a tampon, causes nonspecific binding of MHC II to T cell receptors causing over reaction and Cytokine storm
A
Toxic Shock Syndrome
16
Q
Food poisoning of a pre made toxin, 6 hours later after eat meats,salad,cream filling pastries or mayonnaise.
A
Food poisoning by S. Aureus.
17
Q
MRSA
A
resistant to penicillin Binding proteins .
Altered cell walls
18
Q
TXT for S. Aureus
A
Vancomycin
19
Q
TXT for methicillin sensitive S. Aureus
A
Nafcillin
20
Q
Salmon colored sputum and can form abscesses in lungd.
A
S.Aureus
21
Q
Staphylococcus Family
A
S. Aureus
S. Epidermitis
S. Saprophyticus
22
Q
Gram + cocci family
A
Staph (3)
Streph (4)
Enterococcus (2)
23
Q
Urease +
Coagulase -
Catalase +
A
- Staph epidermidis -Novobiocin Sensitive
* Staph saprophyticis - Novobiocin Resistant
24
Q
Infects hardware or orthopedic joints
A
S. Epidermitis
25
Infects catheter tubes,Indwelling catheters and heart implants
S. Epidermitis
26
Uses biofilms to stick to plastic or metal from artificially implants
S. Epidermitis
27
TXT of Staph Epidermidis endocarditis
Vancomycin
28
Contamination of blood cultures
S. Epidermitis
29
Novobiocin Sensitive
S. Epidermitis
30
Novobiocin Resistant
S,Saprophyticis
31
UTI's in sexually active females
S. Saprophyticis
32
Capsule made out of Hyaluronic Acid
Strep Group A ( Strep pyogenes)
33
B hemolitic Strep
Strep Pyogenes from Group A
34
Impetigo,Pharyngitis (step throat),Erysipelas ,scarlett fever,Toxic like syndrome,necrotizing fascitis,Rheumatic Fever, Post Strep Glomerulonephritis.
Strep Group A
| Strep Pyogenes
35
red lesion with well demarcated borders
Erysipelas
36
S Pyogenes is the most common cause of
Erysipelas
37
Strawberry Tongue,pharyngitis,widespread rash that spares faces
Scarlett Fever by Strep Pyogenes Group A
38
SpeA, SpeC
Toxic Shock Like Syndrome by Strep Pyogenes
39
SpeB
Necrotizing Fasciitis toxin from S.Pyogenes
40
in GAS well main virulence factor for Rheumatic Fever
M Protein
41
mimic antibodies in heart and cause issues with Mitral Valve in heart
M Protein
42
Very antigenic and elicits a humoral response, creating an antibodies to myosin in cardiac muscle (Molecular mimicry), damages mitral valves
M protein
43
Pharyngitis precipitates
Rheumatic Fever
44
Impetigo + Pharyngitis
Post Strep Glomerulonephritis,
45
Clinical manifestations of Rheumatic Fever
```
"J<3NES"
J = Joints
O = Heart problems
N= Nodules on extersor surfaces
E= Erythema
S; Sydenham Chorea
```
46
type III hypersensitivity reaction after 2 weeks of Strep Pyogenes infection.
Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
47
Puffy Cheeks w/ nephritis.
Cola Colored Urine
Can occur after pharyngitis and impetigo
Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
48
TXT Strep Pyogenes
penicillin
49
virulence Factors of Step Pyogenes
- M protein
- SpeA,SpeB,SpeC
- Streptolysin O
- DNA'ases
- Streptokinase
50
Allows Strep to be Beta Hemolytic, we generate ASO antibodies to this
Streptolysin O
51
converts plasminogen to plasmin
Streptokinase
52
depolymerize DNA
DNA'ases
53
Bacitracin sensitive
Strep Pyogenes
54
ASO titers test
to see if there was a Group A Strep Infection.
55
Group B Strep
Strep agalactiae
56
major infection in newborns
Strep Agactiae
57
Positive hippurate test and polysaccharide positive
Strep Agactiae
58
cAMP test positive Strep
Strep Agalactiae
59
similar to staph aureus, will have an increasing zone of hemolysis when plated w/ S. aureus
Strep Agalactiae
60
Beta hemolytic Strep
Strep Agalactiae
61
Bacitracin resistant Strep
Group B Strep Agalactiae
62
Most likely to cause meningitis in neonates
Strep Agalactiae
63
most likely to cause sepsis in neonates
Strep Agalactiae
64
Via infection neonetes of Strep Agalactiae
Vaginal canal where neonate gets group B strep
65
when a mother is cultured for GBS
35wk
66
TXT for + Cultured Moms with Strep Agactiae
Penicillin will be given to mom intrapartum
67
α hemolytic Streps
Strep Pneumonia
| Strep Viridans
68
Partial hemolysis where the surrounding zone is a green hue
α hemolytic
69
major virulence factor Strep pneumonia
Polysaccharide Capsule
70
Optochin sensitive
| optochin inhibits the growth
Strep Pneumo
71
Lancet shaped diplococci
Strep Pneumo
72
Rust colored sputum and lobar pneumonia
Strep Pneumo
73
" MOPS"
| number one cause of all these diseases
Meningitides, Otitis Media, Pneumonia, Sinusitis
| Strep Pneumonia
74
cleaves IgA that allows invasion of mucosa reducing host defenses
Protease from Strep Pneumo
75
Removal of spleen leads to susceptibility of infection
by encapsulated organisms like in sickle cell anemia. (Asplenia)
76
1 TXT Strep Pneumonia
azithromycin Macrolides
77
2 TXT Strep Pneumo
Ceftriaxone
78
2 pneumococcal vaccines
1. adult is a 23 valiant polysaccharide vaccine,
- > IgM
2. children is 7 valent but conjugated to a protein -> IgG
79
Not encapsulated Strep
Strep Viridans
80
Strep optochin resistant
Strep Viridans
81
Bile resistant Strep
Strep Viridans
82
Synthesizes Dextran’s from glucose which allows strep to adhere to any fibrin from platelets that has been damaged in the heart.
Strep Viridans
83
Strep Viridans Family member who adheres to fibrin platelet aggregates in damaged heart valves, most commonly occurs in mitral valve.
Strep Sanguineous
84
Enterococcus family mermbers
- Enterococcus Fecalis
| - Enterococcus Faecium
85
Grow in mediums of up to 6.5% NaCl
Enterococcus
86
Bile resistant
Strep Viridans
| Enterococcus
87
UTI’s,Endocarditis and Bile tree infections
Enterococcus
88
Nosocomial infection resistant to almost every antibiotic we have.Vancomycin resistant
Enterococcus Faecium
89
1 TXT Enterococcus Faecium
Linezolid
90
2 TXT Enterococcus Faecium
Tigacycline
91
Gram + Bacilli
```
B. Cereus
B.Antracis
C. Tetani
C. Difficile
C. Perfringes
C. Botullinum
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Listeria Monocytogenes
```
92
Black Eschar with erythematous ring. Assos to wool working.Large gram pos rods in chains
Bacillus Anthracis
93
Large gram pos rods in chains,Gram Bacilli +
Bacillus Anthracis
94
Protein - Poly –D glutamate encapsulated Gram + Bacilli
Bacillus Anthracis
95
Obligate Aerobe Gram + Bacilli
Bacillus Anthracis
96
spore forming bacterias
Bacillus Anthracis and Bacillus cereus
97
Capsulated with Poly –D glutamate
Bacillus Anthracis
98
Bacillus Anthracis toxins
Edema factor
| Lethal factor
99
Edema factor pathogenesis
EF Toxin increases cAMP intercellularily this will cause fluid to go extracellular space leading to edema inhibiting host defenses and preventing phagocytosis
100
Toxin increases cAMP
Edema factor
101
Factor of B. Anthracis will lead to necrosis and black eschar
Lethal Factor = exotoxin that acts as a protease and cleaves MAP Kinase.
102
Wool sorters disease
pulmonary anthrax -> mediastinal lymph nodes progressing -> hemorrhagic mediastianitis
103
chest xray image from hemorrhagic mediastianitis in pulmonary anthrax
widened mediastinum
104
txt Bacillus Anthracis
fluoroquinolone or doxycycline
105
Aerobic and spore forming. Associated with food poisoning – reheated fried rice
Bacillus cereus
106
Gram Positive Bacilli,Spore forming,Obligate anaerobes
Clostridium tetani
107
Spastic paralysis,Opisthosomas, rhesus (to grin) sardonicus (evil), also accompanies with lock jaw.
Clostridium tetani
108
Pathogenesis Clostridium tetani
1. wound occurs either by nail or barbed wire with tetany spores on it, spores are embedded in the flesh and the organism vegetates and stays at the wound site. It will release tetanus toxin that will cause all the symptoms.
2. Tetanus toxin will travel retrograde through the motor axons to the spinal cord.
3. Tetanus toxin will cleave snare and inhibit exocytosis of the neurotransmitter into the synapse (GABA and glycine) or Renshaw cells.
4. inibitis GABA and Glycine -> Rigidity
109
2 type of inhibitory neuronstransmitter inhibit by C. tetanis
GABA and Glycine from Renshaw cells.
110
C. tetani vaccine
Toxoid Vaccine, toxin conjugated to protein. Antibody response to the toxin.
111
transmitted (ADULTS) by improper canning of food allowing it to flourish in the anaerobic environment producing heat stable toxin. “family are presenting with the same neural symptoms”
Clostridium botulinum
112
Obligate Anaerobe,Gram Pos, Spore formers.
Clostridiums
113
Flaccid paralysis, descending paralysis,Early synt. ptosis and diplopia.
Botulism
114
Clostridium botulinum toxin pathogenesis
Cleavage of SNARE protein - botulism attacks motor neurons that release Ach, inhibiting motor neuron release leading to flaccid paralysis
115
“Floppy Baby Syndrome”
Botulism
116
Dif between adult vs babies Botulism infection.
Adults ingest the toxin
| babies ingest the spores (honey) due to lack robust flora.
117
Nosocomial diarrhea, spores easily transferred from patient to patient, antibiotics realted diarrhea.
Clostridium Difficile
118
ATB related to C. difficile
Clindamycin
119
2 exotoxins from C. difficile
A
| B
120
exotoxin A C. diffcile
Binds to the brush border of the intestine and causes inflammation, cell death and watery diarrhea
121
exotoxin B C. difficile
By depolymerizing actin leading to enterocyte death and necrosis. Yellowish grey exudate that forms a pseudo membrane that covers the colonic mucosa ->
pseudomembranous colitis.
122
TXT ATB related diarrhea
Metronidazole
123
TXT pseudomembranous colitis by C. difficile
Oral Vancomycin
124
Motorcycle accidents and deep penetrating military combat wounds
Clostridium perfringe
125
Forms spores that are found in soil
C tetani
| C perfringes
126
Causes Gas Gangrene after it enters the wound. gas produced under tissue and has a cracking sound on palpation
Clostridium perfringes
127
C. Perfringes toxin
Alpha toxin
128
Alpha toxin role in C perfringes pathology
Effects lipid bilayer and lyses. Myonecrosis involves alpha toxin, or lecithiinase -> phospholipase
129
Lecithinase Causes (C Perfringes)
cause red cell hemolysis.
130
Slow onset diarrhea by eating spores
Clostridium perfringes
131
Double zone of hemolysis
Clostridium perfringes
132
1st line txt Clostridium perfringes
Penicillin G
133
Gram Pos Bacilli, non-spore forming, V or y shape the bacteria with Metachromatic granules will stain red and the rest of the cell will stain blue.
Corynebacterium Diphtheria
134
V or y shape the bacteria will form with Metachromatic granules
Corynebacterium Diphtheria
135
2 subunits Corynebacterium Diphtheria
A is active and B is binding 1
136
Toxin Role Corynebacterium Diphtheria
Toxin causes Ribosylation of elongation factor 2, this will inhibit ribosome function inhibiting protein synthesis leading to form pseudomembranous exudate -> oral pharynx
137
Bullsneck,lymphopathy,thickening of the neck,pseudomembranous exudate in the oral pharynx
Difteria
138
Difteria can lead to
-Myocarditis like arrhythmias and heart block and neuropathy ( damage the myelin of nerve fibers)
139
plate on Tellurite and Loeflers media
C Difteriae
140
In-vitro assay that has antitoxin on it of C. Difteria
Eleks test
141
DTaP Vaccine
Difteria,tetanus and pertusis. (Toxid Vaccine)
142
β – Hemolytic
Listeria monocytogenes
| Group A Strep Pyogenes
143
Motile and facultative intracellular, tumbling motility extracellular
Listeria monocytogenes
144
Rapidly polymerizes actin along the cell wall allowing it to move quickly in the cell. Rocket “Actin Rocket” Intracellular movement
Listeria monocytogenes
145
Catalase Positive,β – Hemolytic ,Gram Positive Bacilli
Listeria monocytogenes
146
survives and multiplies in near freezing temperatures
Listeria monocytogenes
147
Can contaminate food items even if they are refrigerated, like milk, cheese
Listeria monocytogenes
148
Pregnant women are more likely to get listeria than anyone else and May lead.
To termination or disease in the newborn (Meningitis)
149
Listeria monocytogenes risk groups
Pregnant Women
Babies
Adults over 60
150
txt Listeria monocytogenes
Ampicillin
151
Top 3 Menigitis in Newborns
1 Strep Agalactiae
2 E Coli
3 Listeria Monocytogenes
152
txt Meningitis in babies and Adults > 60
Vancomicina,Cextriazona + Ampicilina
153
Gram-Positive Branching Filamentous Rods
Nocardia and Actinomyces Israeli
