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MICRO Sketchy > Bacteria Coccis,Bacilis and others Gram + > Flashcards

Bacteria Coccis,Bacilis and others Gram + Flashcards

1
Q

grape like - gold in color

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

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2
Q

Catalase Positive
Coaugulase Positive
Beta Hemolytic

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

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3
Q

Yellow when Ferments Mannitol salt agar

A

S.Aureus

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4
Q

Main virulence factor of S.Aureus

A

Protein A

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5
Q

Can bind to the FC region of antibodies and this will prevent compliment from occurring. Preventing opsonization and phagocytosis

A

Protein A

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6
Q

S Aureus Colonize

A

the nares

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7
Q

Clinical Causes by S. Aerus

A
  • Pneumonia: patchy infiltrate on x ray.
  • Septic Arthritis in Adults
  • Large erythematous abscesses.
  • Rapid onset Bacterial Endocarditis.
  • Most common cause of osteomyelitis in adults
  • Scalded skin syndrome
  • Food Poisoning
  • Osteomyelitis
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8
Q

Infiltrate on x-ray of S.Aureus pneumonia

A

Patchy Infiltrate

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9
Q

Is common affter a S.Aureus infection?

A

A Icosahedron shaped capsule virus/

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10
Q

Most common cause of Septic Arthritis in adults

A

S. Aureus

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11
Q

IV drug use endocarditis

A

Tricuspid valve endocarditis by S. Aureus.

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12
Q

Most common cause of osteomyelitis in adults 10

A

S. Aereus

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13
Q

Scalded skin syndrome mediated by a what protease?

A

Exfoliative Toxin

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14
Q

S. Aureus Toxins

A

Exfoliative Toxin

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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15
Q

commonly caused by leaving a bandage in or a tampon, causes nonspecific binding of MHC II to T cell receptors causing over reaction and Cytokine storm

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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16
Q

Food poisoning of a pre made toxin, 6 hours later after eat meats,salad,cream filling pastries or mayonnaise.

A

Food poisoning by S. Aureus.

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17
Q

MRSA

A

resistant to penicillin Binding proteins .

Altered cell walls

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18
Q

TXT for S. Aureus

A

Vancomycin

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19
Q

TXT for methicillin sensitive S. Aureus

A

Nafcillin

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20
Q

Salmon colored sputum and can form abscesses in lungd.

A

S.Aureus

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21
Q

Staphylococcus Family

A

S. Aureus
S. Epidermitis
S. Saprophyticus

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22
Q

Gram + cocci family

A

Staph (3)
Streph (4)
Enterococcus (2)

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23
Q

Urease +
Coagulase -
Catalase +

A
  • Staph epidermidis -Novobiocin Sensitive

* Staph saprophyticis - Novobiocin Resistant

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24
Q

Infects hardware or orthopedic joints

A

S. Epidermitis

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25
Q

Infects catheter tubes,Indwelling catheters and heart implants

A

S. Epidermitis

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26
Q

Uses biofilms to stick to plastic or metal from artificially implants

A

S. Epidermitis

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27
Q

TXT of Staph Epidermidis endocarditis

A

Vancomycin

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28
Q

Contamination of blood cultures

A

S. Epidermitis

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29
Q

Novobiocin Sensitive

A

S. Epidermitis

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30
Q

Novobiocin Resistant

A

S,Saprophyticis

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31
Q

UTI’s in sexually active females

A

S. Saprophyticis

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32
Q

Capsule made out of Hyaluronic Acid

A

Strep Group A ( Strep pyogenes)

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33
Q

B hemolitic Strep

A

Strep Pyogenes from Group A

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34
Q

Impetigo,Pharyngitis (step throat),Erysipelas ,scarlett fever,Toxic like syndrome,necrotizing fascitis,Rheumatic Fever, Post Strep Glomerulonephritis.

A

Strep Group A

Strep Pyogenes

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35
Q

red lesion with well demarcated borders

A

Erysipelas

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36
Q

S Pyogenes is the most common cause of

A

Erysipelas

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37
Q

Strawberry Tongue,pharyngitis,widespread rash that spares faces

A

Scarlett Fever by Strep Pyogenes Group A

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38
Q

SpeA, SpeC

A

Toxic Shock Like Syndrome by Strep Pyogenes

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39
Q

SpeB

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis toxin from S.Pyogenes

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40
Q

in GAS well main virulence factor for Rheumatic Fever

A

M Protein

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41
Q

mimic antibodies in heart and cause issues with Mitral Valve in heart

A

M Protein

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42
Q

Very antigenic and elicits a humoral response, creating an antibodies to myosin in cardiac muscle (Molecular mimicry), damages mitral valves

A

M protein

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43
Q

Pharyngitis precipitates

A

Rheumatic Fever

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44
Q

Impetigo + Pharyngitis

A

Post Strep Glomerulonephritis,

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45
Q

Clinical manifestations of Rheumatic Fever

A 
"J<3NES"
J = Joints
O = Heart problems
N= Nodules on extersor surfaces
E= Erythema
S; Sydenham Chorea
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46
Q

type III hypersensitivity reaction after 2 weeks of Strep Pyogenes infection.

A

Post Strep Glomerulonephritis

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47
Q

Puffy Cheeks w/ nephritis.
Cola Colored Urine
Can occur after pharyngitis and impetigo

A

Post Strep Glomerulonephritis

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48
Q

TXT Strep Pyogenes

A

penicillin

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49
Q

virulence Factors of Step Pyogenes

A
  • M protein
  • SpeA,SpeB,SpeC
  • Streptolysin O
  • DNA’ases
  • Streptokinase
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50
Q

Allows Strep to be Beta Hemolytic, we generate ASO antibodies to this

A

Streptolysin O

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51
Q

converts plasminogen to plasmin

A

Streptokinase

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52
Q

depolymerize DNA

A

DNA’ases

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53
Q

Bacitracin sensitive

A

Strep Pyogenes

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54
Q

ASO titers test

A

to see if there was a Group A Strep Infection.

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55
Q

Group B Strep

A

Strep agalactiae

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56
Q

major infection in newborns

A

Strep Agactiae

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57
Q

Positive hippurate test and polysaccharide positive

A

Strep Agactiae

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58
Q

cAMP test positive Strep

A

Strep Agalactiae

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59
Q

similar to staph aureus, will have an increasing zone of hemolysis when plated w/ S. aureus

A

Strep Agalactiae

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60
Q

Beta hemolytic Strep

A

Strep Agalactiae

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61
Q

Bacitracin resistant Strep

A

Group B Strep Agalactiae

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62
Q

Most likely to cause meningitis in neonates

A

Strep Agalactiae

63
Q

most likely to cause sepsis in neonates

A

Strep Agalactiae

64
Q

Via infection neonetes of Strep Agalactiae

A

Vaginal canal where neonate gets group B strep

65
Q

when a mother is cultured for GBS

A

35wk

66
Q

TXT for + Cultured Moms with Strep Agactiae

A

Penicillin will be given to mom intrapartum

67
Q

α hemolytic Streps

A

Strep Pneumonia

Strep Viridans

68
Q

Partial hemolysis where the surrounding zone is a green hue

A

α hemolytic

69
Q

major virulence factor Strep pneumonia

A

Polysaccharide Capsule

70
Q

Optochin sensitive

optochin inhibits the growth

A

Strep Pneumo

71
Q

Lancet shaped diplococci

A

Strep Pneumo

72
Q

Rust colored sputum and lobar pneumonia

A

Strep Pneumo

73
Q

” MOPS”

number one cause of all these diseases

A

Meningitides, Otitis Media, Pneumonia, Sinusitis

Strep Pneumonia

74
Q

cleaves IgA that allows invasion of mucosa reducing host defenses

A

Protease from Strep Pneumo

75
Q

Removal of spleen leads to susceptibility of infection

A

by encapsulated organisms like in sickle cell anemia. (Asplenia)

76
Q

1 TXT Strep Pneumonia

A

azithromycin Macrolides

77
Q

2 TXT Strep Pneumo

A

Ceftriaxone

78
Q

2 pneumococcal vaccines

A
  1. adult is a 23 valiant polysaccharide vaccine,
    - > IgM
  2. children is 7 valent but conjugated to a protein -> IgG
79
Q

Not encapsulated Strep

A

Strep Viridans

80
Q

Strep optochin resistant

A

Strep Viridans

81
Q

Bile resistant Strep

A

Strep Viridans

82
Q

Synthesizes Dextran’s from glucose which allows strep to adhere to any fibrin from platelets that has been damaged in the heart.

A

Strep Viridans

83
Q

Strep Viridans Family member who adheres to fibrin platelet aggregates in damaged heart valves, most commonly occurs in mitral valve.

A

Strep Sanguineous

84
Q

Enterococcus family mermbers

A
  • Enterococcus Fecalis

- Enterococcus Faecium

85
Q

Grow in mediums of up to 6.5% NaCl

A

Enterococcus

86
Q

Bile resistant

A

Strep Viridans

Enterococcus

87
Q

UTI’s,Endocarditis and Bile tree infections

A

Enterococcus

88
Q

Nosocomial infection resistant to almost every antibiotic we have.Vancomycin resistant

A

Enterococcus Faecium

89
Q

1 TXT Enterococcus Faecium

A

Linezolid

90
Q

2 TXT Enterococcus Faecium

A

Tigacycline

91
Q

Gram + Bacilli

A 
B.  Cereus
B.Antracis
C. Tetani
C. Difficile
C. Perfringes
C. Botullinum
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Listeria Monocytogenes
92
Q

Black Eschar with erythematous ring. Assos to wool working.Large gram pos rods in chains

A

Bacillus Anthracis

93
Q

Large gram pos rods in chains,Gram Bacilli +

A

Bacillus Anthracis

94
Q

Protein - Poly –D glutamate encapsulated Gram + Bacilli

A

Bacillus Anthracis

95
Q

Obligate Aerobe Gram + Bacilli

A

Bacillus Anthracis

96
Q

spore forming bacterias

A

Bacillus Anthracis and Bacillus cereus

97
Q

Capsulated with Poly –D glutamate

A

Bacillus Anthracis

98
Q

Bacillus Anthracis toxins

A

Edema factor

Lethal factor

99
Q

Edema factor pathogenesis

A

EF Toxin increases cAMP intercellularily this will cause fluid to go extracellular space leading to edema inhibiting host defenses and preventing phagocytosis

100
Q

Toxin increases cAMP

A

Edema factor

101
Q

Factor of B. Anthracis will lead to necrosis and black eschar

A

Lethal Factor = exotoxin that acts as a protease and cleaves MAP Kinase.

102
Q

Wool sorters disease

A

pulmonary anthrax -> mediastinal lymph nodes progressing -> hemorrhagic mediastianitis

103
Q

chest xray image from hemorrhagic mediastianitis in pulmonary anthrax

A

widened mediastinum

104
Q

txt Bacillus Anthracis

A

fluoroquinolone or doxycycline

105
Q

Aerobic and spore forming. Associated with food poisoning – reheated fried rice

A

Bacillus cereus

106
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli,Spore forming,Obligate anaerobes

A

Clostridium tetani

107
Q

Spastic paralysis,Opisthosomas, rhesus (to grin) sardonicus (evil), also accompanies with lock jaw.

A

Clostridium tetani

108
Q

Pathogenesis Clostridium tetani

A
  1. wound occurs either by nail or barbed wire with tetany spores on it, spores are embedded in the flesh and the organism vegetates and stays at the wound site. It will release tetanus toxin that will cause all the symptoms.
  2. Tetanus toxin will travel retrograde through the motor axons to the spinal cord.
  3. Tetanus toxin will cleave snare and inhibit exocytosis of the neurotransmitter into the synapse (GABA and glycine) or Renshaw cells.
  4. inibitis GABA and Glycine -> Rigidity
109
Q

2 type of inhibitory neuronstransmitter inhibit by C. tetanis

A

GABA and Glycine from Renshaw cells.

110
Q

C. tetani vaccine

A

Toxoid Vaccine, toxin conjugated to protein. Antibody response to the toxin.

111
Q

transmitted (ADULTS) by improper canning of food allowing it to flourish in the anaerobic environment producing heat stable toxin. “family are presenting with the same neural symptoms”

A

Clostridium botulinum

112
Q

Obligate Anaerobe,Gram Pos, Spore formers.

A

Clostridiums

113
Q

Flaccid paralysis, descending paralysis,Early synt. ptosis and diplopia.

A

Botulism

114
Q

Clostridium botulinum toxin pathogenesis

A

Cleavage of SNARE protein - botulism attacks motor neurons that release Ach, inhibiting motor neuron release leading to flaccid paralysis

115
Q

“Floppy Baby Syndrome”

A

Botulism

116
Q

Dif between adult vs babies Botulism infection.

A

Adults ingest the toxin

babies ingest the spores (honey) due to lack robust flora.

117
Q

Nosocomial diarrhea, spores easily transferred from patient to patient, antibiotics realted diarrhea.

A

Clostridium Difficile

118
Q

ATB related to C. difficile

A

Clindamycin

119
Q

2 exotoxins from C. difficile

A

A

B

120
Q

exotoxin A C. diffcile

A

Binds to the brush border of the intestine and causes inflammation, cell death and watery diarrhea

121
Q

exotoxin B C. difficile

A

By depolymerizing actin leading to enterocyte death and necrosis. Yellowish grey exudate that forms a pseudo membrane that covers the colonic mucosa ->
pseudomembranous colitis.

122
Q

TXT ATB related diarrhea

A

Metronidazole

123
Q

TXT pseudomembranous colitis by C. difficile

A

Oral Vancomycin

124
Q

Motorcycle accidents and deep penetrating military combat wounds

A

Clostridium perfringe

125
Q

Forms spores that are found in soil

A

C tetani

C perfringes

126
Q

Causes Gas Gangrene after it enters the wound. gas produced under tissue and has a cracking sound on palpation

A

Clostridium perfringes

127
Q

C. Perfringes toxin

A

Alpha toxin

128
Q

Alpha toxin role in C perfringes pathology

A

Effects lipid bilayer and lyses. Myonecrosis involves alpha toxin, or lecithiinase -> phospholipase

129
Q

Lecithinase Causes (C Perfringes)

A

cause red cell hemolysis.

130
Q

Slow onset diarrhea by eating spores

A

Clostridium perfringes

131
Q

Double zone of hemolysis

A

Clostridium perfringes

132
Q

1st line txt Clostridium perfringes

A

Penicillin G

133
Q

Gram Pos Bacilli, non-spore forming, V or y shape the bacteria with Metachromatic granules will stain red and the rest of the cell will stain blue.

A

Corynebacterium Diphtheria

134
Q

V or y shape the bacteria will form with Metachromatic granules

A

Corynebacterium Diphtheria

135
Q

2 subunits Corynebacterium Diphtheria

A

A is active and B is binding 1

136
Q

Toxin Role Corynebacterium Diphtheria

A

Toxin causes Ribosylation of elongation factor 2, this will inhibit ribosome function inhibiting protein synthesis leading to form pseudomembranous exudate -> oral pharynx

137
Q

Bullsneck,lymphopathy,thickening of the neck,pseudomembranous exudate in the oral pharynx

A

Difteria

138
Q

Difteria can lead to

A

-Myocarditis like arrhythmias and heart block and neuropathy ( damage the myelin of nerve fibers)

139
Q

plate on Tellurite and Loeflers media

A

C Difteriae

140
Q

In-vitro assay that has antitoxin on it of C. Difteria

A

Eleks test

141
Q

DTaP Vaccine

A

Difteria,tetanus and pertusis. (Toxid Vaccine)

142
Q

β – Hemolytic

A

Listeria monocytogenes

Group A Strep Pyogenes

143
Q

Motile and facultative intracellular, tumbling motility extracellular

A

Listeria monocytogenes

144
Q

Rapidly polymerizes actin along the cell wall allowing it to move quickly in the cell. Rocket “Actin Rocket” Intracellular movement

A

Listeria monocytogenes

145
Q

Catalase Positive,β – Hemolytic ,Gram Positive Bacilli

A

Listeria monocytogenes

146
Q

survives and multiplies in near freezing temperatures

A

Listeria monocytogenes

147
Q

Can contaminate food items even if they are refrigerated, like milk, cheese

A

Listeria monocytogenes

148
Q

Pregnant women are more likely to get listeria than anyone else and May lead.

A

To termination or disease in the newborn (Meningitis)

149
Q

Listeria monocytogenes risk groups

A

Pregnant Women
Babies
Adults over 60

150
Q

txt Listeria monocytogenes

A

Ampicillin

151
Q

Top 3 Menigitis in Newborns

A

1 Strep Agalactiae
2 E Coli
3 Listeria Monocytogenes

152
Q

txt Meningitis in babies and Adults > 60

A

Vancomicina,Cextriazona + Ampicilina

153
Q

Gram-Positive Branching Filamentous Rods

A

Nocardia and Actinomyces Israeli

MICRO Sketchy (4 decks)

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