Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MICRO Sketchy > Bacteria Cocci Gram - > Flashcards

Bacteria Cocci Gram - Flashcards

1
Q

Gram - Diplococci

Oxidase +

A

Neisseria Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Easily spread in areas with a lot of people, military recruits, college dorms via respiratory droplets.
Gram - Diplococci Oxidase +
Maltose Fermenter

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diference between N. Meningitidis

and N. Gonorrhea

A

N. Meningitidis can ferment Maltose from glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nesseria’s Species Agars

A

Chocolate Agar

VPN (vancomycin, polymixin, and nystatin) Agar or THYLER MARTIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MAC Deficiency unable to form the MAC complex due to complex c5-c9 being inhibited

A

complex c5-c9 being inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compliment deficiency predisposes to unable to form the MAC complex for encapsulated organisms.

A

C5-C9 compliment

- Sickle cell disease are more susceptible to Neisseria meningitides because it is encapsulated (ASPLENIA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neisseria Species Virulence Factors

A
  • Pilli allows attachment to surfaces and display antigenic variation
  • IgA protease will cleave IGA at its hinge point, facilitates survival along mucosal surfaces .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nasopharyngeal swab suggests that it is found in nasal cavities first and transmitted via

A

N. Meningitides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polysaccharide capsules incluides in N. Meningitides Vaccine

A

A.C.D NOT B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

common serotype of N. Meningitides

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Major virulence factor N. Meningitides

A

Capsule is the major virulence factor, type B strain is not included in the vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Responsible for the inflammatory cascade N. Meningtides

A

lipooligiosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

N. Meningitidis Pathogenesis

A

LOS (Inflammatory response) -> Leakage of interstitial fluid by capillaries) hypovolemia (Petiquias) -> vasoconstriccion (leads to Waterhouse- Fredd Sydrome-> DIC -> SHOCK.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

N. Meningitidis infection leads to

A
  • DIC

- Waterhouse-Fredd Syndrome (necrosis hemorrágica suprarrenal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mortality rate N. Meningitidis

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment to N, Meningitidis infection

A

Cextriazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Close contacts Treatment to N, Meningitidis infection

A

Rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sexually transmitted infection Nesseria

A

N. Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Facultative intracellular and invade PMN’s Neiserria

A

N. Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Not encapsulated Neisseria

A

N. Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

N. Gonorrhea in male’s causes

A

Urethritis and prostatitis and orchiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Female infection N. Gonorrhea

A

-Pelvic inflammatory Disease - purulent white discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pelvic inflammatory Disease complication

A
  • PID spreading to peritoneum - Fitz Hugh Curtiss syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

“Violin string” like adhesions in liver from spread into peritoneum

A

Fitz Hugh Curtiss syndrome (PID spreading to peritoneum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

May cause asymmetric polyarthritis in the knee

A

N. Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cause a conjunctivitis w/ in 5 days of birth

A

N.Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

We asume a px infected with N. Gonorrhea is also infected by?

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

.TXT for N. Gonorrhea infection

A

Cextriazone + Azitromicin (chlamydia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gram - Bacilli

A 
Bordetella Pertussis 
Haemophilus Influenzae
Legionella
Brucella 
Francisella Telarensis 
Coxiella burnetii
Pastuerella Multocidida 
Bartonella henselae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Zoonotic Infections

A 
Brucella 
Francisella Telarensis 
Coxiella burnetii
Pastuerella Multocidida 
Bartonella henselae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pilus called filamentous hemagglutini

A

Bordetella Pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pertussis Toxins

A
  • ADP (adenylate cyclase)

- Tracheal Toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pertussis Toxins functions

A

Tracheal toxin: damages ciliated cells in the epithelium, tractor cuts long cilia grass.
-Adenylate cyclase toxin:acts like the anthracis toxin edema factor, increases cAMP, Edema Factor, Most Virulent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pertusis Stages

A
  1. Catarrhal: 2weeks of symtoms from upper resp infection.
  2. Parosxysms coughing; Whoop!
  3. Convalescent stage:subsiding cough.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Characteristic Pertusis Cough

A

Whooping sound

Parosxysms Coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Convalescence stage on Pertusis

A

final stage lasting 3 months with a cough, 100 day cough, most susceptible to secondary infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

TXT Bordetella Pertusis

A

Macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Pertusis vaccine

A

DTaP - acellular vaccine using purified antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Aerobic,Non motile,Gram Neg rod

A

Bordetella Pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Grown on chocolate agar needs factor 5 (NAD, nicotinamide) and factor 10 (Hemodin) “hemoTEN”

A

Haemophilus Influenz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Gram -,Coccobacillary, Grown in chocolate agar

A

Haemophilus Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Need factors on agar for Haemophilus Influenza grow

A

Factor 5; Nicotinamide
Factor 10: hemotin
ON chocolate agar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Haemophilus Influenza causes:

A
  • Pneumonia: by aerosol transmission
  • Epiglottitis: “cherry red epiglottis”.
  • Otitis Media
  • Meningitides (only type B)
  • Sepsis and Septic arthritis (only in aplesnia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

“cherry red epiglottis

A

Haemophilus Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Haemophilus Influenza type causes:

A

TYPE B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

sickle cell disease (asplenia) and Haemophilus Influenza

A

Sepsis and Septic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Con que se mezcla la vacuna para Hib B?

A

Vaccine for only the type B capsule is conjugated with diphtheria toxoid and haemophilus type B capsule
Para SINERGIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Age for Hib B vaccination

A

6 weeks - 18 mouths

(bound to diphtheria) Dip=Diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

TXT Pertusis

A

Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Treatment for close contacts in Pertusis

A

Rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Stain used in legionella

A

Silver Stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Requires agar for Legionella to grow

A
  • Charcoal Yeast
  • Cystein
  • Iron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Diseases caused by Legionella

A
  • Pontiac Fever

- Legionnaire’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Pontiac Fever (Legionella)

A

fever and malaise usually is self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Common patients with Legionnaire’s Disease

A

Smokers and elderly men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Infiltrates Legionnaire’s Disease

A

Atypical pneumonia patchy unilobed infiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Atypical pneumonia patchy unilobed infiltrate,Hyponatremia,headache with confusion , Diarrhea, High fever over 104 F,

A

Legionnaire’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Lab test to confirm Legionnaire’s Disease

A

rapid urine antigen test to confirm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

TXT Legionnaire’s Disease

A

Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Oxidase ?? Legionella

A

Oxidase Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Main virulence factor of legionella

A

Zinc Melloprotease

cytotoxic and inhibits PMN production, inhibits superoxide reduction, deactivates il-1 and CD4 and TNF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Natural Reservoir Brucella

A

Cows and Pigs (direct contact)

Veterinarian,butchers,ranchers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Indirect contact with Brucella

A

Eating chesse or unpasteurized milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Ondulant fever, chills, and anorexia.
Enlargment of spleen, liver and lymph nodes.
*contact with pigs,cows or eating unpasteurized milk products

A

Brucelosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Brucella is a Facultative

A

Facultative intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Brucella Chronic Infection

A

Osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

TXT Brucella

A

Tetraciclina/ Doxyciclina + rifampin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Favorite cell Brucella

A

Infect macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Urease and H2S positive

A

Brucella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Require cO2 to grow

A

Brucella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Gram Neg Coccobacillis

A

Francisella Telarensis

Haemophilus Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Francisella Telarensis TICK

A

dermacenter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

painful ulcer,causes caseation necrosis - Regional lymphadenopathy
Direct contact with rabbits.

A

Tularemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

oxidative bursts

A

Brucella

*Rifampin blocks oxidative burst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

not induce oxidative burst

A

Francisella Telarensis

** Facultative intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Francisella Telarensis Pathogenia

A

Enters through ulcer and into macrophages in the lymph system to reticuloendothelial organs and causes caseation necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

TXT Tularemia

A

streptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

Causes Q fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Causes Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

coxiella does not cause a rash

A

coxiella does not cause a rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

coxiella is an obligate

A

INTRACELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

coxiella Transmission

A
  • by spores from animal droppings.

* Placental excretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

It gets into humans through aerosol transmission - outbreaks from farm animals to farmers or placental excretions

A

coxiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Fever,hepatitis,Hemorrhage on fingers, pneumonia and headache,contact with cows or Ram (cabras).

A

Q fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Prevention coxiella

A
  • pasteurization of milk

- No contact with natural reservoirs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Pastuerella Multocidida is GRAM

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Transmission Pastuerella Multocidida

A

Dog Bite or Cat bite

88
Q

cellulitis after a bite (24h)
May lead to a necrotizing fasciitis or osteomyelitis
-Dog or cat bite

A

Pastuerella Multocidida

**Lymphadenopathy in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or Liver disease

89
Q

Catalase Positive ,Oxidase Positive,Grows on 5% sheep’s blood agar

A

Pastuerella Multocidida

90
Q

Grows on 5% sheep’s blood agar

A

Pastuerella Multocidida

91
Q

Bipolar / safety pin staining similar to Yersinia

A

Pastuerella Multocidida

92
Q

TXT Pastuerella Multocidida

A

amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

93
Q

Cat scratch fever

A

Bartonella hensela

94
Q

Wartharin starry silver stain

A

Bartonella hensela

95
Q

Bartonella hensela

A
  • Cat scratched fever

- Bacillary angiomatosis

96
Q

Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Bartonella Henselae **Immunocompromised individuals

97
Q

Fever + regional lymph nodes in axilla + kitten

A

Cat scratch fever

**immunocompetent individual.

98
Q

Raised red vascular

A

Bacillary angiomatosis

also en kaposi sarcoma

99
Q

Karposi’s sarcoma raised red lesions DIFFERENTIAL

A

Bartonella Henselae

100
Q

TXT Cat Scratch fever

A

azithromycin or Doxycycline

101
Q

TXT Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Doxycycline

102
Q

Swarming Motility when plated,Facultative Anaerobe.

A

Proteus Mirabilis

103
Q

causes UTI’s,Kidney Stones and have Fishy Odor

A

Proteus Mirabili

104
Q

How Preoteus causes kidney stones

A

Because is urease positive, tmakes the stag horn calculi, to struvite stones causing pain and kidney stones, alkaline formation causes kidney struvite stones. Formed of ammonia, magnesium, and phosphate

105
Q

TXT Proteus Mirabilli

A

Sulfonamides

106
Q

H2S Positive

A

Brucella

Proteus Mirrabilis

107
Q

Fishy Odor

A

Proteus Mirrabilis

108
Q

2 types of yersenia

A

Y. enterocolitica

Y. Petis

109
Q

Common way transmission of yersinia enterocolitica

A

Transmitted through puppy feces and Transmitted through contaminated milk products

110
Q

most common individuals infected yersinia enterocolitica

A

Children

111
Q
  • Similar to listeria it is resistant to cold temperatures
A

Y. enterocolitica

112
Q

Stains heavily on two ends “safety pin”

A

Pasturella

Yersenia

113
Q

Main Virulence factor Yersenia Enterocolitica

A

Capsule

114
Q

Invasive systemic effects like fever, intestinal issues, leukocytosis, abscesses, major bowel issues.
Mimics appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitic

115
Q

Mimics appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitic

116
Q

Transmitted through human as incidental host, usually with rats or prairie dogs

A

Yersinia Pestis

117
Q

Natural reservoir for Yersinia Pestis

A

rats or prairie dogs -> “Rodents” with fleas.

118
Q

Forms Buboes with swollen tender lymph nodes. abscesses in organs and DIC

A

Yersinia Pestis

119
Q

Bacterias that use Type 3 secretion system to inhibit phagocytosis

A

Yersinia
Shigella
Salmonella

120
Q

TXT Yersenia

A

Aminoglycosides with tetracycline

121
Q

Type of vaccine used for Yersenia

A

Killed vaccine is used to vaccinate

122
Q

Gram Negative enteric causes gastroenteritis

leading to watery diarrhea and then finally bloody diarrhea.

A

Shigella

123
Q

hektoin agar

A

Shigella

Salmonella

124
Q

Green on hektoin agar

A

Shigella

125
Q

Black on hektoin agar

A

Salmonella

126
Q

Immotile,Non - lactose,Gram -,Acid Stable

Facultative intracellular

A

Shigella - Facultative intracellular

127
Q

Whats uses shigella to be motile?

A

In the organisms induce M cell to phagocytose them and they escape before complete phagocytosis.
Usins the actine filaments,builds a tail to propel itself from one cell o another.

128
Q

What cell Shigella induce to phagocytose them?

A

M cells

129
Q

Shigella Dysentaria leads to ______ in children <10

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

in children under < 10

130
Q

Progerminal diarrhea following with acute renal failure (glomerular damage)

A

-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
by Shigella Dysentaria
-EHEC

131
Q

Shiga Toxin will bind to the ___ unit of ribosomes and inhibit translation

A

60s unit

132
Q

Uses a type 3 secretion system to release micro enzymes

A

Shigella
Salmonella
Yersenia

133
Q

TXT Shigella

A

Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones

134
Q

Toxins that binds to 60s unit from ribosomes to inhibit protein fabrication

A
  • Shigella Toxin

- Shiga-Like Toxin from E Coli Enterohemorragica.

135
Q

Bacteria does not ferment sorbitol

A

E. Coli

136
Q

Facultative Anaerobic, Oxidase negative, green sheen on Eosin- Azul de metileno AGAR. (EMB)

A

Escherichia coli

137
Q

Verde en agar EMB

A

Escherichia coli

138
Q

Main Virulence Factor E. Coli

A

K factor = capsule

139
Q

Antigens E coli

A

K antigen = capsular

H Flagelar antigen

140
Q

Catalase Positive,Metallic green sheen on EMB Agar

A

Escherichia Coli

141
Q

1 UTI Agent

A

E. Coli

142
Q

Causes neonatal meningitis only if have the K antigen

A

E Coli

143
Q

E Coli only causes meningitis if have _____ antigen

A

K antigen

144
Q

serotype E coli from outbreaks

A

O157 H7

E coli hamburger $1.57

145
Q

E.HEC is most commonly caused by

A

eating undercooked meat.

146
Q

Causes bloody diarrhea

bacterias

A

E.HEC
SHIGELLA
Campilobacter

147
Q

Shiga like Toxin from E.HEC

A

cause hemolytic uretic syndrome. Shiga like toxin damages endothelial cells of capillaries in the glomerulus. Damaged endothelial lining causes platelets to adhere decreasing platelet count causing thrombocytopenia and these platelet clumps will hemolysis RBCS.

148
Q

travelers’ Diarrhea

A

ETEC - Transmitted via water sources.

149
Q

Recent travel to Mexico where they drank the water, called Montezuma’s revenge.

A

travelers’ Diarrhea -Watery Diarrhea.

Caused by E.TEC

150
Q

ETEC TOXINS

A
  • Heat Labile: Increase CAMP

- Heat Stable: Increase cGmp.

151
Q

TXT E COLI

A

TMP/SMX

Fluoroquinolones

152
Q

2 Types of E coli

A
  • Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC.

153
Q

Skirrow Agar

A

Campy Jejuni

154
Q

Gram Negative Spiral / Curved Rod Bacilli - Enteric

A

Campy Jejuni

155
Q

Prefers warm environments around 42 deg Celsius, thermophile

A

Campy Jejuni

156
Q

Reservoir of C. Jejuni

A

Main reservoir is intestinal tract of poultry and transmission is fecal oral / also contaminated water supplies or ingestion of raw milk

157
Q

riders syndrome

A

Inflammatory arthritis (mainly,knees or ankles), conjunctivitis and urethritis.
Caused by Campi.
Men carrying the HLAB27 genetic marker.

158
Q

men carrying the HLAB27 genetic marker + campi infection

A

*riders syndrome: (inflammatory arthritis,conjuntivitis and urethritis)

159
Q

Campi Infection can lead to:

A

Guillen barre syndrome (ascending paralysis)

160
Q

Campy Pathogenesis

A

Bacteria Colonize intestinal Mucosa and attach to epithelial cells then replicate intracellularly causing an acute PMN response, edema of the mucosa and ulcerations. Presenting with acute enteritis and diarrhea

161
Q

Klebsiella causes the following nosocomial infections:

A

Nosocomial UTI

Nosocomial pneumonia

162
Q

MacConkey’s agar Lac + (PINK)

4

A

Klebsiella
Enterobacter
E. Coli
Serratia

163
Q

MacConkey’s agar Lac - (agar incoloro colonias blancas)

A

Salmonella, Proteus y Shigella.

164
Q

Difference between Kleibsiella,Serratia and Enterobacter

A

Serratia and Enterobacter are MOBILE.

Klebsiella are Inmobile and is !!Urease positive!!

165
Q

Cavatary lesion on patients right lobe “tb like”

A

Kleibsiella

166
Q

TXT Enterobacter,Klebsiella and Serratia

A

3rd Gen = Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime

167
Q

all curved rods are

A

oxidase positive

168
Q

Gram - curved RODS

all Oxidase positive

A

Helicobacter Pylori
Vibrio Species
Campylobacter Jejuni

169
Q

“Comma Shaped” Bacilli

A

Vibro

170
Q

Helicobacter Pylori rapid test

A

Breath test: Can be tested with Urea breath test, radioactive urea that is broken down and exhaled as CO2 and NH3 by urease positive organisms.

171
Q

MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTOR of H. pylori

A

Allows to reduce the acidity of the stomach and allows Helicobacter to survive there. 6

172
Q

Causes 95% of all duodenal ulcers

A

H. Pylori

173
Q

Chronic infection of H. Pylori can lead to:

A
  • Gastric adenocarcinoma

- MALT ( lymphoma of mucous associated lymphoid tissue. )

174
Q

TXT H. Pylori

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor + Amoxicilin + Clarithromycin

175
Q

Transmission of H. Pylori

A

Fecal-Oral

176
Q

Thrives in aquatic environments, hot tub folliculitis

A

Pseudomona

177
Q

Swimmers otitis media

A

Pseudomona

178
Q

Produces a blue green pigment when plated may even turn wounds blue

A

Pseudomona

179
Q

Pseudomona pigments

A

Pyocyanin and pyoverdin

180
Q

Most common Gram Neg Nosocomial Pneumonia

A

Pseudomona

181
Q

Most common Gram Neg Nosocomial Pneumonia, respiratory failure in Cystic fibrosis patient

A

Pseudomona

182
Q

Osteomyelitis in the IV drug users and Diabetics

Burn patients are especially susceptible.

A

Pseudomona

183
Q

Burn patients are especially susceptible.

A

Pseudomona

184
Q

Indwelling catheter infections from UTI’s, chamber pot, nosocomial UIT’s

A

Pseudomona

185
Q

Pruritic folliculitis ( Hot tub folliculitis) - ecthyma gangrenosom

A

Pseudomona

186
Q

ecthyma gangrenosom ‘black spot on skin” like Dalmata

A

Pseudomona

187
Q

Pseudomona’s Toxin

A

Exotoxin A = Ribosolation of elongation factor 2, leads to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death

188
Q 
TXT Pseudomona
(3)
A
  • Penicilinas anti-pseudomona: Piperacilina
  • Aminoglucosidos -> Tobramicina
  • Fluoroquinolones
189
Q

2 Types of Salmonella

A

Salmonella E.

Salmonella Typhi

190
Q

Non lactose Fermenter, white on MacConkey’s

A

Shigella
Salmonella
Proteus

191
Q

All motile enteric colonies stain black on hektoen aga

A

Salmonella

Shigella

192
Q

Salmonella is positive for ______ turns indicator color _____ for alkaline pH

A

Citrate turns color blue.

193
Q

Acid Labile EnteroBacteries

A

Shigella

Salmonella

194
Q

Invades through colon through the macrophages to get into the colon, Facultative intracellular

A

Salmonella

cage near of chicken

195
Q

Caused by eating undercooked Chickens and Causes inflammatory Diarrhea, Gastroenteritis

A

Salmonella E

196
Q

Type 3 secretion system that detects eukaryotic cells that will increase infectivity

A

Shigella
Salmonella E
Yersenia Pestis

197
Q

typhoid Fever

A

Salmonella Typhi

*always from human source

198
Q

Human reservoir for S. Typhi

A

Harbored in the Gall Bladder “ Thyphoid Mary

199
Q

1 cause of osteomyelitis in adults with sickle cell

A

Salmonella Typhi

200
Q

Can cause “pea soup” diarrhea

A

Salmonella Typhi

201
Q

TXT Typhoid fever

A

Treated with fluoroquinolone, or ceftriaxone

202
Q

the S. typhi vaccinne is

A

Live, Attenuated Vaccine

203
Q

Salmonella Septicemia

A

Chloramphenicol
Ampicilin // Amoxicilin
or TMP/SMX for 10 days

204
Q

TBT Salmonella

A

Cipro/levo

CEFTRIAXONE

205
Q

3 phases of Typhoid fever

A
  1. After sufficient bacteria have multiplied in the intestines there is a manifestation of lethargy dull frontal headache, CONSTIPATION.
  2. Fever and are severely ill with a Dull Expressionless look, rose spots develop mainly on the trunk
  3. Second Bacteremia occurs from reinfection of biliary tract, pus in stools and bleeding in peyers patches, Ileum Necrosis
206
Q

Pus in stool

Bloody peyers patches,Illeum necrosis

A

Salmonella typhi

207
Q

Constipation,fever,frontal headache,lethargy,rose spots IN TRUNK

A

Sallmonelosis

208
Q

Prefers to grow in alkaline media,Comma Shaped Bacilli

A

Vibrio

ACID LABILE - Dies with acid

209
Q

Grows on TCBS agar

A

Vibrio

210
Q

Causes Profuse watery diarrhea “Rice Water” stool

A

Vidrio

211
Q

Vibrio cholera transmision

A

transmitted fecal oral due to poor sanitation that gets into food and is not an invasive infection

212
Q

Vibrio mechanisms for attaches

A

Attaches to the mucosa by fimbriae.

213
Q

Main Virulence Factor Vibrio

A

AB type toxin;

a) increase cAmp
b) activate the GS pathway = watery diarrhea through an efflux if Cl and H2.

214
Q

AB type toxin from Vibrio

A

a) increase cAmp

b) activate the GS pathway = watery diarrhea through an efflux if Cl and H2.

215
Q

TXT Vibrio

A

Oral rehydration therapy with electrolytes

216
Q

contaminate seafood, especially oysters and causes Acute Gastroenteritis .

A

Vibrio Vulnificus

217
Q

Causes fulminating septicemia leading to death. Marked edema and necrosis

A

Vibrio Paraliticus

MICRO Sketchy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions