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MICRO Sketchy > Bacteria Cocci Gram - > Flashcards

Bacteria Cocci Gram - Flashcards

1
Q

Gram - Diplococci

Oxidase +

A

Neisseria Species

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2
Q

Easily spread in areas with a lot of people, military recruits, college dorms via respiratory droplets.
Gram - Diplococci Oxidase +
Maltose Fermenter

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

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3
Q

Diference between N. Meningitidis

and N. Gonorrhea

A

N. Meningitidis can ferment Maltose from glucose

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4
Q

Nesseria’s Species Agars

A

Chocolate Agar

VPN (vancomycin, polymixin, and nystatin) Agar or THYLER MARTIN

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5
Q

MAC Deficiency unable to form the MAC complex due to complex c5-c9 being inhibited

A

complex c5-c9 being inhibited

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6
Q

Compliment deficiency predisposes to unable to form the MAC complex for encapsulated organisms.

A

C5-C9 compliment

- Sickle cell disease are more susceptible to Neisseria meningitides because it is encapsulated (ASPLENIA)

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7
Q

Neisseria Species Virulence Factors

A
  • Pilli allows attachment to surfaces and display antigenic variation
  • IgA protease will cleave IGA at its hinge point, facilitates survival along mucosal surfaces .
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8
Q

Nasopharyngeal swab suggests that it is found in nasal cavities first and transmitted via

A

N. Meningitides

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9
Q

Polysaccharide capsules incluides in N. Meningitides Vaccine

A

A.C.D NOT B

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10
Q

common serotype of N. Meningitides

A

B

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11
Q

Major virulence factor N. Meningitides

A

Capsule is the major virulence factor, type B strain is not included in the vaccine

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12
Q

Responsible for the inflammatory cascade N. Meningtides

A

lipooligiosaccharides

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13
Q

N. Meningitidis Pathogenesis

A

LOS (Inflammatory response) -> Leakage of interstitial fluid by capillaries) hypovolemia (Petiquias) -> vasoconstriccion (leads to Waterhouse- Fredd Sydrome-> DIC -> SHOCK.

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14
Q

N. Meningitidis infection leads to

A
  • DIC

- Waterhouse-Fredd Syndrome (necrosis hemorrágica suprarrenal)

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15
Q

mortality rate N. Meningitidis

A

15%

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16
Q

Treatment to N, Meningitidis infection

A

Cextriazone

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17
Q

Close contacts Treatment to N, Meningitidis infection

A

Rifampicin

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18
Q

Sexually transmitted infection Nesseria

A

N. Gonorrhea

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19
Q

Facultative intracellular and invade PMN’s Neiserria

A

N. Gonorrhea

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20
Q

Not encapsulated Neisseria

A

N. Gonorrhea

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21
Q

N. Gonorrhea in male’s causes

A

Urethritis and prostatitis and orchiditis

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22
Q

Female infection N. Gonorrhea

A

-Pelvic inflammatory Disease - purulent white discharge

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23
Q

Pelvic inflammatory Disease complication

A
  • PID spreading to peritoneum - Fitz Hugh Curtiss syndrome
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24
Q

“Violin string” like adhesions in liver from spread into peritoneum

A

Fitz Hugh Curtiss syndrome (PID spreading to peritoneum)

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25
Q

May cause asymmetric polyarthritis in the knee

A

N. Gonorrhea

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26
Q

Cause a conjunctivitis w/ in 5 days of birth

A

N.Gonorrhea

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27
Q

We asume a px infected with N. Gonorrhea is also infected by?

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

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28
Q

.TXT for N. Gonorrhea infection

A

Cextriazone + Azitromicin (chlamydia)

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29
Q

Gram - Bacilli

A 
Bordetella Pertussis 
Haemophilus Influenzae
Legionella
Brucella 
Francisella Telarensis 
Coxiella burnetii
Pastuerella Multocidida 
Bartonella henselae
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30
Q

Zoonotic Infections

A 
Brucella 
Francisella Telarensis 
Coxiella burnetii
Pastuerella Multocidida 
Bartonella henselae
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31
Q

Pilus called filamentous hemagglutini

A

Bordetella Pertussis

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32
Q

Pertussis Toxins

A
  • ADP (adenylate cyclase)

- Tracheal Toxin

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33
Q

Pertussis Toxins functions

A

Tracheal toxin: damages ciliated cells in the epithelium, tractor cuts long cilia grass.
-Adenylate cyclase toxin:acts like the anthracis toxin edema factor, increases cAMP, Edema Factor, Most Virulent

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34
Q

Pertusis Stages

A
  1. Catarrhal: 2weeks of symtoms from upper resp infection.
  2. Parosxysms coughing; Whoop!
  3. Convalescent stage:subsiding cough.
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35
Q

Characteristic Pertusis Cough

A

Whooping sound

Parosxysms Coughing

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36
Q

Convalescence stage on Pertusis

A

final stage lasting 3 months with a cough, 100 day cough, most susceptible to secondary infections

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37
Q

TXT Bordetella Pertusis

A

Macrolides

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38
Q

Pertusis vaccine

A

DTaP - acellular vaccine using purified antigens

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39
Q

Aerobic,Non motile,Gram Neg rod

A

Bordetella Pertussis

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40
Q

Grown on chocolate agar needs factor 5 (NAD, nicotinamide) and factor 10 (Hemodin) “hemoTEN”

A

Haemophilus Influenz

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41
Q

Gram -,Coccobacillary, Grown in chocolate agar

A

Haemophilus Influenza

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42
Q

Need factors on agar for Haemophilus Influenza grow

A

Factor 5; Nicotinamide
Factor 10: hemotin
ON chocolate agar.

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43
Q

Haemophilus Influenza causes:

A
  • Pneumonia: by aerosol transmission
  • Epiglottitis: “cherry red epiglottis”.
  • Otitis Media
  • Meningitides (only type B)
  • Sepsis and Septic arthritis (only in aplesnia)
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44
Q

“cherry red epiglottis

A

Haemophilus Influenza

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45
Q

Haemophilus Influenza type causes:

A

TYPE B

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46
Q

sickle cell disease (asplenia) and Haemophilus Influenza

A

Sepsis and Septic arthritis

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47
Q

Con que se mezcla la vacuna para Hib B?

A

Vaccine for only the type B capsule is conjugated with diphtheria toxoid and haemophilus type B capsule
Para SINERGIA

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48
Q

Age for Hib B vaccination

A

6 weeks - 18 mouths

(bound to diphtheria) Dip=Diphtheria

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49
Q

TXT Pertusis

A

Ceftriaxone

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50
Q

Treatment for close contacts in Pertusis

A

Rifampin

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51
Q

Stain used in legionella

A

Silver Stain

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52
Q

Requires agar for Legionella to grow

A
  • Charcoal Yeast
  • Cystein
  • Iron
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53
Q

Diseases caused by Legionella

A
  • Pontiac Fever

- Legionnaire’s Disease

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54
Q

Pontiac Fever (Legionella)

A

fever and malaise usually is self-limiting

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55
Q

Common patients with Legionnaire’s Disease

A

Smokers and elderly men

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56
Q

Infiltrates Legionnaire’s Disease

A

Atypical pneumonia patchy unilobed infiltrate

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57
Q

Atypical pneumonia patchy unilobed infiltrate,Hyponatremia,headache with confusion , Diarrhea, High fever over 104 F,

A

Legionnaire’s Disease

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58
Q

Lab test to confirm Legionnaire’s Disease

A

rapid urine antigen test to confirm

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59
Q

TXT Legionnaire’s Disease

A

Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones

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60
Q

Oxidase ?? Legionella

A

Oxidase Positive

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61
Q

Main virulence factor of legionella

A

Zinc Melloprotease

cytotoxic and inhibits PMN production, inhibits superoxide reduction, deactivates il-1 and CD4 and TNF.

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62
Q

Natural Reservoir Brucella

A

Cows and Pigs (direct contact)

Veterinarian,butchers,ranchers

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63
Q

Indirect contact with Brucella

A

Eating chesse or unpasteurized milk

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64
Q

Ondulant fever, chills, and anorexia.
Enlargment of spleen, liver and lymph nodes.
*contact with pigs,cows or eating unpasteurized milk products

A

Brucelosis

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65
Q

Brucella is a Facultative

A

Facultative intracellular

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66
Q

Brucella Chronic Infection

A

Osteomyelitis

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67
Q

TXT Brucella

A

Tetraciclina/ Doxyciclina + rifampin.

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68
Q

Favorite cell Brucella

A

Infect macrophages

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69
Q

Urease and H2S positive

A

Brucella

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70
Q

Require cO2 to grow

A

Brucella

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71
Q

Gram Neg Coccobacillis

A

Francisella Telarensis

Haemophilus Influenza

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72
Q

Francisella Telarensis TICK

A

dermacenter

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73
Q

painful ulcer,causes caseation necrosis - Regional lymphadenopathy
Direct contact with rabbits.

A

Tularemia

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74
Q

oxidative bursts

A

Brucella

*Rifampin blocks oxidative burst

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75
Q

not induce oxidative burst

A

Francisella Telarensis

** Facultative intracellular

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76
Q

Francisella Telarensis Pathogenia

A

Enters through ulcer and into macrophages in the lymph system to reticuloendothelial organs and causes caseation necrosis

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77
Q

TXT Tularemia

A

streptomycin

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78
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

Causes Q fever

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79
Q

Causes Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii

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80
Q

coxiella does not cause a rash

A

coxiella does not cause a rash

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81
Q

coxiella is an obligate

A

INTRACELLULAR

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82
Q

coxiella Transmission

A
  • by spores from animal droppings.

* Placental excretions

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83
Q

It gets into humans through aerosol transmission - outbreaks from farm animals to farmers or placental excretions

A

coxiella

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84
Q

Fever,hepatitis,Hemorrhage on fingers, pneumonia and headache,contact with cows or Ram (cabras).

A

Q fever

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85
Q

Prevention coxiella

A
  • pasteurization of milk

- No contact with natural reservoirs.

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86
Q

Pastuerella Multocidida is GRAM

A

-

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87
Q

Transmission Pastuerella Multocidida

A

Dog Bite or Cat bite

88
Q

cellulitis after a bite (24h)
May lead to a necrotizing fasciitis or osteomyelitis
-Dog or cat bite

A

Pastuerella Multocidida

**Lymphadenopathy in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or Liver disease

89
Q

Catalase Positive ,Oxidase Positive,Grows on 5% sheep’s blood agar

A

Pastuerella Multocidida

90
Q

Grows on 5% sheep’s blood agar

A

Pastuerella Multocidida

91
Q

Bipolar / safety pin staining similar to Yersinia

A

Pastuerella Multocidida

92
Q

TXT Pastuerella Multocidida

A

amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

93
Q

Cat scratch fever

A

Bartonella hensela

94
Q

Wartharin starry silver stain

A

Bartonella hensela

95
Q

Bartonella hensela

A
  • Cat scratched fever

- Bacillary angiomatosis

96
Q

Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Bartonella Henselae **Immunocompromised individuals

97
Q

Fever + regional lymph nodes in axilla + kitten

A

Cat scratch fever

**immunocompetent individual.

98
Q

Raised red vascular

A

Bacillary angiomatosis

also en kaposi sarcoma

99
Q

Karposi’s sarcoma raised red lesions DIFFERENTIAL

A

Bartonella Henselae

100
Q

TXT Cat Scratch fever

A

azithromycin or Doxycycline

101
Q

TXT Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Doxycycline

102
Q

Swarming Motility when plated,Facultative Anaerobe.

A

Proteus Mirabilis

103
Q

causes UTI’s,Kidney Stones and have Fishy Odor

A

Proteus Mirabili

104
Q

How Preoteus causes kidney stones

A

Because is urease positive, tmakes the stag horn calculi, to struvite stones causing pain and kidney stones, alkaline formation causes kidney struvite stones. Formed of ammonia, magnesium, and phosphate

105
Q

TXT Proteus Mirabilli

A

Sulfonamides

106
Q

H2S Positive

A

Brucella

Proteus Mirrabilis

107
Q

Fishy Odor

A

Proteus Mirrabilis

108
Q

2 types of yersenia

A

Y. enterocolitica

Y. Petis

109
Q

Common way transmission of yersinia enterocolitica

A

Transmitted through puppy feces and Transmitted through contaminated milk products

110
Q

most common individuals infected yersinia enterocolitica

111
Q
  • Similar to listeria it is resistant to cold temperatures
A

Y. enterocolitica

112
Q

Stains heavily on two ends “safety pin”

A

Pasturella

Yersenia

113
Q

Main Virulence factor Yersenia Enterocolitica

114
Q

Invasive systemic effects like fever, intestinal issues, leukocytosis, abscesses, major bowel issues.
Mimics appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitic

115
Q

Mimics appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitic

116
Q

Transmitted through human as incidental host, usually with rats or prairie dogs

A

Yersinia Pestis

117
Q

Natural reservoir for Yersinia Pestis

A

rats or prairie dogs -> “Rodents” with fleas.

118
Q

Forms Buboes with swollen tender lymph nodes. abscesses in organs and DIC

A

Yersinia Pestis

119
Q

Bacterias that use Type 3 secretion system to inhibit phagocytosis

A

Yersinia
Shigella
Salmonella

120
Q

TXT Yersenia

A

Aminoglycosides with tetracycline

121
Q

Type of vaccine used for Yersenia

A

Killed vaccine is used to vaccinate

122
Q

Gram Negative enteric causes gastroenteritis

leading to watery diarrhea and then finally bloody diarrhea.

123
Q

hektoin agar

A

Shigella

Salmonella

124
Q

Green on hektoin agar

125
Q

Black on hektoin agar

A

Salmonella

126
Q

Immotile,Non - lactose,Gram -,Acid Stable

Facultative intracellular

A

Shigella - Facultative intracellular

127
Q

Whats uses shigella to be motile?

A

In the organisms induce M cell to phagocytose them and they escape before complete phagocytosis.
Usins the actine filaments,builds a tail to propel itself from one cell o another.

128
Q

What cell Shigella induce to phagocytose them?

129
Q

Shigella Dysentaria leads to ______ in children <10

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

in children under < 10

130
Q

Progerminal diarrhea following with acute renal failure (glomerular damage)

A

-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
by Shigella Dysentaria
-EHEC

131
Q

Shiga Toxin will bind to the ___ unit of ribosomes and inhibit translation

132
Q

Uses a type 3 secretion system to release micro enzymes

A

Shigella
Salmonella
Yersenia

133
Q

TXT Shigella

A

Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones

134
Q

Toxins that binds to 60s unit from ribosomes to inhibit protein fabrication

A
  • Shigella Toxin

- Shiga-Like Toxin from E Coli Enterohemorragica.

135
Q

Bacteria does not ferment sorbitol

136
Q

Facultative Anaerobic, Oxidase negative, green sheen on Eosin- Azul de metileno AGAR. (EMB)

A

Escherichia coli

137
Q

Verde en agar EMB

A

Escherichia coli

138
Q

Main Virulence Factor E. Coli

A

K factor = capsule

139
Q

Antigens E coli

A

K antigen = capsular

H Flagelar antigen

140
Q

Catalase Positive,Metallic green sheen on EMB Agar

A

Escherichia Coli

141
Q

1 UTI Agent

142
Q

Causes neonatal meningitis only if have the K antigen

143
Q

E Coli only causes meningitis if have _____ antigen

144
Q

serotype E coli from outbreaks

A

O157 H7

E coli hamburger $1.57

145
Q

E.HEC is most commonly caused by

A

eating undercooked meat.

146
Q

Causes bloody diarrhea

bacterias

A

E.HEC
SHIGELLA
Campilobacter

147
Q

Shiga like Toxin from E.HEC

A

cause hemolytic uretic syndrome. Shiga like toxin damages endothelial cells of capillaries in the glomerulus. Damaged endothelial lining causes platelets to adhere decreasing platelet count causing thrombocytopenia and these platelet clumps will hemolysis RBCS.

148
Q

travelers’ Diarrhea

A

ETEC - Transmitted via water sources.

149
Q

Recent travel to Mexico where they drank the water, called Montezuma’s revenge.

A

travelers’ Diarrhea -Watery Diarrhea.

Caused by E.TEC

150
Q

ETEC TOXINS

A
  • Heat Labile: Increase CAMP

- Heat Stable: Increase cGmp.

151
Q

TXT E COLI

A

TMP/SMX

Fluoroquinolones

152
Q

2 Types of E coli

A
  • Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC.

153
Q

Skirrow Agar

A

Campy Jejuni

154
Q

Gram Negative Spiral / Curved Rod Bacilli - Enteric

A

Campy Jejuni

155
Q

Prefers warm environments around 42 deg Celsius, thermophile

A

Campy Jejuni

156
Q

Reservoir of C. Jejuni

A

Main reservoir is intestinal tract of poultry and transmission is fecal oral / also contaminated water supplies or ingestion of raw milk

157
Q

riders syndrome

A

Inflammatory arthritis (mainly,knees or ankles), conjunctivitis and urethritis.
Caused by Campi.
Men carrying the HLAB27 genetic marker.

158
Q

men carrying the HLAB27 genetic marker + campi infection

A

*riders syndrome: (inflammatory arthritis,conjuntivitis and urethritis)

159
Q

Campi Infection can lead to:

A

Guillen barre syndrome (ascending paralysis)

160
Q

Campy Pathogenesis

A

Bacteria Colonize intestinal Mucosa and attach to epithelial cells then replicate intracellularly causing an acute PMN response, edema of the mucosa and ulcerations. Presenting with acute enteritis and diarrhea

161
Q

Klebsiella causes the following nosocomial infections:

A

Nosocomial UTI

Nosocomial pneumonia

162
Q

MacConkey’s agar Lac + (PINK)

4

A

Klebsiella
Enterobacter
E. Coli
Serratia

163
Q

MacConkey’s agar Lac - (agar incoloro colonias blancas)

A

Salmonella, Proteus y Shigella.

164
Q

Difference between Kleibsiella,Serratia and Enterobacter

A

Serratia and Enterobacter are MOBILE.

Klebsiella are Inmobile and is !!Urease positive!!

165
Q

Cavatary lesion on patients right lobe “tb like”

A

Kleibsiella

166
Q

TXT Enterobacter,Klebsiella and Serratia

A

3rd Gen = Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime

167
Q

all curved rods are

A

oxidase positive

168
Q

Gram - curved RODS

all Oxidase positive

A

Helicobacter Pylori
Vibrio Species
Campylobacter Jejuni

169
Q

“Comma Shaped” Bacilli

170
Q

Helicobacter Pylori rapid test

A

Breath test: Can be tested with Urea breath test, radioactive urea that is broken down and exhaled as CO2 and NH3 by urease positive organisms.

171
Q

MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTOR of H. pylori

A

Allows to reduce the acidity of the stomach and allows Helicobacter to survive there. 6

172
Q

Causes 95% of all duodenal ulcers

173
Q

Chronic infection of H. Pylori can lead to:

A
  • Gastric adenocarcinoma

- MALT ( lymphoma of mucous associated lymphoid tissue. )

174
Q

TXT H. Pylori

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor + Amoxicilin + Clarithromycin

175
Q

Transmission of H. Pylori

A

Fecal-Oral

176
Q

Thrives in aquatic environments, hot tub folliculitis

A

Pseudomona

177
Q

Swimmers otitis media

A

Pseudomona

178
Q

Produces a blue green pigment when plated may even turn wounds blue

A

Pseudomona

179
Q

Pseudomona pigments

A

Pyocyanin and pyoverdin

180
Q

Most common Gram Neg Nosocomial Pneumonia

A

Pseudomona

181
Q

Most common Gram Neg Nosocomial Pneumonia, respiratory failure in Cystic fibrosis patient

A

Pseudomona

182
Q

Osteomyelitis in the IV drug users and Diabetics

Burn patients are especially susceptible.

A

Pseudomona

183
Q

Burn patients are especially susceptible.

A

Pseudomona

184
Q

Indwelling catheter infections from UTI’s, chamber pot, nosocomial UIT’s

A

Pseudomona

185
Q

Pruritic folliculitis ( Hot tub folliculitis) - ecthyma gangrenosom

A

Pseudomona

186
Q

ecthyma gangrenosom ‘black spot on skin” like Dalmata

A

Pseudomona

187
Q

Pseudomona’s Toxin

A

Exotoxin A = Ribosolation of elongation factor 2, leads to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death

188
Q 
TXT Pseudomona
(3)
A
  • Penicilinas anti-pseudomona: Piperacilina
  • Aminoglucosidos -> Tobramicina
  • Fluoroquinolones
189
Q

2 Types of Salmonella

A

Salmonella E.

Salmonella Typhi

190
Q

Non lactose Fermenter, white on MacConkey’s

A

Shigella
Salmonella
Proteus

191
Q

All motile enteric colonies stain black on hektoen aga

A

Salmonella

Shigella

192
Q

Salmonella is positive for ______ turns indicator color _____ for alkaline pH

A

Citrate turns color blue.

193
Q

Acid Labile EnteroBacteries

A

Shigella

Salmonella

194
Q

Invades through colon through the macrophages to get into the colon, Facultative intracellular

A

Salmonella

cage near of chicken

195
Q

Caused by eating undercooked Chickens and Causes inflammatory Diarrhea, Gastroenteritis

A

Salmonella E

196
Q

Type 3 secretion system that detects eukaryotic cells that will increase infectivity

A

Shigella
Salmonella E
Yersenia Pestis

197
Q

typhoid Fever

A

Salmonella Typhi

*always from human source

198
Q

Human reservoir for S. Typhi

A

Harbored in the Gall Bladder “ Thyphoid Mary

199
Q

1 cause of osteomyelitis in adults with sickle cell

A

Salmonella Typhi

200
Q

Can cause “pea soup” diarrhea

A

Salmonella Typhi

201
Q

TXT Typhoid fever

A

Treated with fluoroquinolone, or ceftriaxone

202
Q

the S. typhi vaccinne is

A

Live, Attenuated Vaccine

203
Q

Salmonella Septicemia

A

Chloramphenicol
Ampicilin // Amoxicilin
or TMP/SMX for 10 days

204
Q

TBT Salmonella

A

Cipro/levo

CEFTRIAXONE

205
Q

3 phases of Typhoid fever

A
  1. After sufficient bacteria have multiplied in the intestines there is a manifestation of lethargy dull frontal headache, CONSTIPATION.
  2. Fever and are severely ill with a Dull Expressionless look, rose spots develop mainly on the trunk
  3. Second Bacteremia occurs from reinfection of biliary tract, pus in stools and bleeding in peyers patches, Ileum Necrosis
206
Q

Pus in stool

Bloody peyers patches,Illeum necrosis

A

Salmonella typhi

207
Q

Constipation,fever,frontal headache,lethargy,rose spots IN TRUNK

A

Sallmonelosis

208
Q

Prefers to grow in alkaline media,Comma Shaped Bacilli

A

Vibrio

ACID LABILE - Dies with acid

209
Q

Grows on TCBS agar

210
Q

Causes Profuse watery diarrhea “Rice Water” stool

211
Q

Vibrio cholera transmision

A

transmitted fecal oral due to poor sanitation that gets into food and is not an invasive infection

212
Q

Vibrio mechanisms for attaches

A

Attaches to the mucosa by fimbriae.

213
Q

Main Virulence Factor Vibrio

A

AB type toxin;

a) increase cAmp
b) activate the GS pathway = watery diarrhea through an efflux if Cl and H2.

214
Q

AB type toxin from Vibrio

A

a) increase cAmp

b) activate the GS pathway = watery diarrhea through an efflux if Cl and H2.

215
Q

TXT Vibrio

A

Oral rehydration therapy with electrolytes

216
Q

contaminate seafood, especially oysters and causes Acute Gastroenteritis .

A

Vibrio Vulnificus

217
Q

Causes fulminating septicemia leading to death. Marked edema and necrosis

A

Vibrio Paraliticus

MICRO Sketchy (4 decks)

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