Bacteria Cocci Gram - Flashcards
1
Q
Gram - Diplococci
Oxidase +
A
Neisseria Species
2
Q
Easily spread in areas with a lot of people, military recruits, college dorms via respiratory droplets.
Gram - Diplococci Oxidase +
Maltose Fermenter
A
Neisseria Meningitidis
3
Q
Diference between N. Meningitidis
and N. Gonorrhea
A
N. Meningitidis can ferment Maltose from glucose
4
Q
Nesseria’s Species Agars
A
Chocolate Agar
VPN (vancomycin, polymixin, and nystatin) Agar or THYLER MARTIN
5
Q
MAC Deficiency unable to form the MAC complex due to complex c5-c9 being inhibited
A
complex c5-c9 being inhibited
6
Q
Compliment deficiency predisposes to unable to form the MAC complex for encapsulated organisms.
A
C5-C9 compliment
- Sickle cell disease are more susceptible to Neisseria meningitides because it is encapsulated (ASPLENIA)
7
Q
Neisseria Species Virulence Factors
A
- Pilli allows attachment to surfaces and display antigenic variation
- IgA protease will cleave IGA at its hinge point, facilitates survival along mucosal surfaces .
8
Q
Nasopharyngeal swab suggests that it is found in nasal cavities first and transmitted via
A
N. Meningitides
9
Q
Polysaccharide capsules incluides in N. Meningitides Vaccine
A
A.C.D NOT B
10
Q
common serotype of N. Meningitides
A
B
11
Q
Major virulence factor N. Meningitides
A
Capsule is the major virulence factor, type B strain is not included in the vaccine
12
Q
Responsible for the inflammatory cascade N. Meningtides
A
lipooligiosaccharides
13
Q
N. Meningitidis Pathogenesis
A
LOS (Inflammatory response) -> Leakage of interstitial fluid by capillaries) hypovolemia (Petiquias) -> vasoconstriccion (leads to Waterhouse- Fredd Sydrome-> DIC -> SHOCK.
14
Q
N. Meningitidis infection leads to
A
- DIC
- Waterhouse-Fredd Syndrome (necrosis hemorrágica suprarrenal)
15
Q
mortality rate N. Meningitidis
A
15%
16
Q
Treatment to N, Meningitidis infection
A
Cextriazone
17
Q
Close contacts Treatment to N, Meningitidis infection
A
Rifampicin
18
Q
Sexually transmitted infection Nesseria
A
N. Gonorrhea
19
Q
Facultative intracellular and invade PMN’s Neiserria
A
N. Gonorrhea
20
Q
Not encapsulated Neisseria
A
N. Gonorrhea
21
Q
N. Gonorrhea in male’s causes
A
Urethritis and prostatitis and orchiditis
22
Q
Female infection N. Gonorrhea
A
-Pelvic inflammatory Disease - purulent white discharge
23
Q
Pelvic inflammatory Disease complication
A
- PID spreading to peritoneum - Fitz Hugh Curtiss syndrome
24
Q
“Violin string” like adhesions in liver from spread into peritoneum
A
Fitz Hugh Curtiss syndrome (PID spreading to peritoneum)
25
May cause asymmetric polyarthritis in the knee
N. Gonorrhea
26
Cause a conjunctivitis w/ in 5 days of birth
N.Gonorrhea
27
We asume a px infected with N. Gonorrhea is also infected by?
Chlamydia Trachomatis
28
.TXT for N. Gonorrhea infection
Cextriazone + Azitromicin (chlamydia)
29
Gram - Bacilli
```
Bordetella Pertussis
Haemophilus Influenzae
Legionella
Brucella
Francisella Telarensis
Coxiella burnetii
Pastuerella Multocidida
Bartonella henselae
```
30
Zoonotic Infections
```
Brucella
Francisella Telarensis
Coxiella burnetii
Pastuerella Multocidida
Bartonella henselae
```
31
Pilus called filamentous hemagglutini
Bordetella Pertussis
32
Pertussis Toxins
- ADP (adenylate cyclase)
| - Tracheal Toxin
33
Pertussis Toxins functions
Tracheal toxin: damages ciliated cells in the epithelium, tractor cuts long cilia grass.
-Adenylate cyclase toxin:acts like the anthracis toxin edema factor, increases cAMP, Edema Factor, Most Virulent
34
Pertusis Stages
1. Catarrhal: 2weeks of symtoms from upper resp infection.
2. Parosxysms coughing; Whoop!
3. Convalescent stage:subsiding cough.
35
Characteristic Pertusis Cough
Whooping sound
| Parosxysms Coughing
36
Convalescence stage on Pertusis
final stage lasting 3 months with a cough, 100 day cough, most susceptible to secondary infections
37
TXT Bordetella Pertusis
Macrolides
38
Pertusis vaccine
DTaP - acellular vaccine using purified antigens
39
Aerobic,Non motile,Gram Neg rod
Bordetella Pertussis
40
Grown on chocolate agar needs factor 5 (NAD, nicotinamide) and factor 10 (Hemodin) "hemoTEN"
Haemophilus Influenz
41
Gram -,Coccobacillary, Grown in chocolate agar
Haemophilus Influenza
42
Need factors on agar for Haemophilus Influenza grow
Factor 5; Nicotinamide
Factor 10: hemotin
ON chocolate agar.
43
Haemophilus Influenza causes:
- Pneumonia: by aerosol transmission
- Epiglottitis: "cherry red epiglottis".
- Otitis Media
- Meningitides (only type B)
- Sepsis and Septic arthritis (only in aplesnia)
44
"cherry red epiglottis
Haemophilus Influenza
45
Haemophilus Influenza type causes:
TYPE B
46
sickle cell disease (asplenia) and Haemophilus Influenza
Sepsis and Septic arthritis
47
Con que se mezcla la vacuna para Hib B?
Vaccine for only the type B capsule is conjugated with diphtheria toxoid and haemophilus type B capsule
Para SINERGIA
48
Age for Hib B vaccination
6 weeks - 18 mouths
| (bound to diphtheria) Dip=Diphtheria
49
TXT Pertusis
Ceftriaxone
50
Treatment for close contacts in Pertusis
Rifampin
51
Stain used in legionella
Silver Stain
52
Requires agar for Legionella to grow
- Charcoal Yeast
- Cystein
- Iron
53
Diseases caused by Legionella
- Pontiac Fever
| - Legionnaire's Disease
54
Pontiac Fever (Legionella)
fever and malaise usually is self-limiting
55
Common patients with Legionnaire's Disease
Smokers and elderly men
56
Infiltrates Legionnaire's Disease
Atypical pneumonia patchy unilobed infiltrate
57
Atypical pneumonia patchy unilobed infiltrate,Hyponatremia,headache with confusion , Diarrhea, High fever over 104 F,
Legionnaire's Disease
58
Lab test to confirm Legionnaire's Disease
rapid urine antigen test to confirm
59
TXT Legionnaire's Disease
Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones
60
Oxidase ?? Legionella
Oxidase Positive
61
Main virulence factor of legionella
Zinc Melloprotease
| cytotoxic and inhibits PMN production, inhibits superoxide reduction, deactivates il-1 and CD4 and TNF.
62
Natural Reservoir Brucella
Cows and Pigs (direct contact)
| Veterinarian,butchers,ranchers
63
Indirect contact with Brucella
Eating chesse or unpasteurized milk
64
Ondulant fever, chills, and anorexia.
Enlargment of spleen, liver and lymph nodes.
*contact with pigs,cows or eating unpasteurized milk products
Brucelosis
65
Brucella is a Facultative
Facultative intracellular
66
Brucella Chronic Infection
Osteomyelitis
67
TXT Brucella
Tetraciclina/ Doxyciclina + rifampin.
68
Favorite cell Brucella
Infect macrophages
69
Urease and H2S positive
Brucella
70
Require cO2 to grow
Brucella
71
Gram Neg Coccobacillis
Francisella Telarensis
| Haemophilus Influenza
72
Francisella Telarensis TICK
dermacenter
73
painful ulcer,causes caseation necrosis - Regional lymphadenopathy
Direct contact with rabbits.
Tularemia
74
oxidative bursts
Brucella
| *Rifampin blocks oxidative burst
75
not induce oxidative burst
Francisella Telarensis
| ** Facultative intracellular
76
Francisella Telarensis Pathogenia
Enters through ulcer and into macrophages in the lymph system to reticuloendothelial organs and causes caseation necrosis
77
TXT Tularemia
streptomycin
78
Coxiella burnetii
Causes Q fever
79
Causes Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
80
coxiella does not cause a rash
coxiella does not cause a rash
81
coxiella is an obligate
INTRACELLULAR
82
coxiella Transmission
* by spores from animal droppings.
| * Placental excretions
83
It gets into humans through aerosol transmission - outbreaks from farm animals to farmers or placental excretions
coxiella
84
Fever,hepatitis,Hemorrhage on fingers, pneumonia and headache,contact with cows or Ram (cabras).
Q fever
85
Prevention coxiella
- pasteurization of milk
| - No contact with natural reservoirs.
86
Pastuerella Multocidida is GRAM
-
87
Transmission Pastuerella Multocidida
Dog Bite or Cat bite
88
cellulitis after a bite (24h)
May lead to a necrotizing fasciitis or osteomyelitis
-Dog or cat bite
Pastuerella Multocidida
| **Lymphadenopathy in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or Liver disease
89
Catalase Positive ,Oxidase Positive,Grows on 5% sheep’s blood agar
Pastuerella Multocidida
90
Grows on 5% sheep’s blood agar
Pastuerella Multocidida
91
Bipolar / safety pin staining similar to Yersinia
Pastuerella Multocidida
92
TXT Pastuerella Multocidida
amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
93
Cat scratch fever
Bartonella hensela
94
Wartharin starry silver stain
Bartonella hensela
95
Bartonella hensela
- Cat scratched fever
| - Bacillary angiomatosis
96
Bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella Henselae **Immunocompromised individuals
97
Fever + regional lymph nodes in axilla + kitten
Cat scratch fever
| **immunocompetent individual.
98
Raised red vascular
Bacillary angiomatosis
| **also en kaposi sarcoma**
99
Karposi’s sarcoma raised red lesions DIFFERENTIAL
Bartonella Henselae
100
TXT Cat Scratch fever
azithromycin or Doxycycline
101
TXT Bacillary angiomatosis
Doxycycline
102
Swarming Motility when plated,Facultative Anaerobe.
Proteus Mirabilis
103
causes UTI's,Kidney Stones and have Fishy Odor
Proteus Mirabili
104
How Preoteus causes kidney stones
Because is urease positive, tmakes the stag horn calculi, to struvite stones causing pain and kidney stones, alkaline formation causes kidney struvite stones. Formed of ammonia, magnesium, and phosphate
105
TXT Proteus Mirabilli
Sulfonamides
106
H2S Positive
Brucella
| Proteus Mirrabilis
107
Fishy Odor
Proteus Mirrabilis
108
2 types of yersenia
Y. enterocolitica
| Y. Petis
109
Common way transmission of yersinia enterocolitica
Transmitted through puppy feces and Transmitted through contaminated milk products
110
most common individuals infected yersinia enterocolitica
Children
111
- Similar to listeria it is resistant to cold temperatures
Y. enterocolitica
112
Stains heavily on two ends "safety pin"
Pasturella
| Yersenia
113
Main Virulence factor Yersenia Enterocolitica
Capsule
114
Invasive systemic effects like fever, intestinal issues, leukocytosis, abscesses, major bowel issues.
Mimics appendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitic
115
Mimics appendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitic
116
Transmitted through human as incidental host, usually with rats or prairie dogs
Yersinia Pestis
117
Natural reservoir for Yersinia Pestis
rats or prairie dogs -> "Rodents" with fleas.
118
Forms Buboes with swollen tender lymph nodes. abscesses in organs and DIC
Yersinia Pestis
119
Bacterias that use Type 3 secretion system to inhibit phagocytosis
Yersinia
Shigella
Salmonella
120
TXT Yersenia
Aminoglycosides with tetracycline
121
Type of vaccine used for Yersenia
Killed vaccine is used to vaccinate
122
Gram Negative enteric causes gastroenteritis
| leading to watery diarrhea and then finally bloody diarrhea.
Shigella
123
hektoin agar
Shigella
| Salmonella
124
Green on hektoin agar
Shigella
125
Black on hektoin agar
Salmonella
126
Immotile,Non - lactose,Gram -,Acid Stable
| Facultative intracellular
Shigella - Facultative intracellular
127
Whats uses shigella to be motile?
In the organisms induce M cell to phagocytose them and they escape before complete phagocytosis.
Usins the actine filaments,builds a tail to propel itself from one cell o another.
128
What cell Shigella induce to phagocytose them?
M cells
129
Shigella Dysentaria leads to ______ in children <10
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
| in children under < 10
130
Progerminal diarrhea following with acute renal failure (glomerular damage)
-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
by Shigella Dysentaria
-EHEC
131
Shiga Toxin will bind to the ___ unit of ribosomes and inhibit translation
60s unit
132
Uses a type 3 secretion system to release micro enzymes
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersenia
133
TXT Shigella
Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones
134
Toxins that binds to 60s unit from ribosomes to inhibit protein fabrication
- Shigella Toxin
| - Shiga-Like Toxin from E Coli Enterohemorragica.
135
Bacteria does not ferment sorbitol
E. Coli
136
Facultative Anaerobic, Oxidase negative, green sheen on Eosin- Azul de metileno AGAR. (EMB)
Escherichia coli
137
Verde en agar EMB
Escherichia coli
138
Main Virulence Factor E. Coli
K factor = capsule
139
Antigens E coli
K antigen = capsular
| H Flagelar antigen
140
Catalase Positive,Metallic green sheen on EMB Agar
Escherichia Coli
141
#1 UTI Agent
E. Coli
142
Causes neonatal meningitis only if have the K antigen
E Coli
143
E Coli only causes meningitis if have _____ antigen
K antigen
144
serotype E coli from outbreaks
O157 H7
| E coli hamburger $1.57
145
E.HEC is most commonly caused by
eating undercooked meat.
146
Causes bloody diarrhea
| bacterias
E.HEC
SHIGELLA
Campilobacter
147
Shiga like Toxin from E.HEC
cause hemolytic uretic syndrome. Shiga like toxin damages endothelial cells of capillaries in the glomerulus. Damaged endothelial lining causes platelets to adhere decreasing platelet count causing thrombocytopenia and these platelet clumps will hemolysis RBCS.
148
travelers' Diarrhea
ETEC - Transmitted via water sources.
149
Recent travel to Mexico where they drank the water, called Montezuma’s revenge.
travelers' Diarrhea -Watery Diarrhea.
| Caused by E.TEC
150
ETEC TOXINS
- Heat Labile: Increase CAMP
| - Heat Stable: Increase cGmp.
151
TXT E COLI
TMP/SMX
| Fluoroquinolones
152
2 Types of E coli
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
| - Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC.
153
Skirrow Agar
Campy Jejuni
154
Gram Negative Spiral / Curved Rod Bacilli - Enteric
Campy Jejuni
155
Prefers warm environments around 42 deg Celsius, thermophile
Campy Jejuni
156
Reservoir of C. Jejuni
Main reservoir is intestinal tract of poultry and transmission is fecal oral / also contaminated water supplies or ingestion of raw milk
157
riders syndrome
Inflammatory arthritis (mainly,knees or ankles), conjunctivitis and urethritis.
Caused by Campi.
Men carrying the HLAB27 genetic marker.
158
men carrying the HLAB27 genetic marker + campi infection
*riders syndrome: (inflammatory arthritis,conjuntivitis and urethritis)
159
Campi Infection can lead to:
Guillen barre syndrome (ascending paralysis)
160
Campy Pathogenesis
Bacteria Colonize intestinal Mucosa and attach to epithelial cells then replicate intracellularly causing an acute PMN response, edema of the mucosa and ulcerations. Presenting with acute enteritis and diarrhea
161
Klebsiella causes the following nosocomial infections:
Nosocomial UTI
| Nosocomial pneumonia
162
MacConkey’s agar Lac + (PINK)
| 4
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
E. Coli
Serratia
163
MacConkey’s agar Lac - (agar incoloro colonias blancas)
Salmonella, Proteus y Shigella.
164
Difference between Kleibsiella,Serratia and Enterobacter
Serratia and Enterobacter are MOBILE.
| Klebsiella are Inmobile and is !!Urease positive!!
165
Cavatary lesion on patients right lobe "tb like"
Kleibsiella
166
TXT Enterobacter,Klebsiella and Serratia
3rd Gen = Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime
167
all curved rods are
oxidase positive
168
Gram - curved RODS
| all Oxidase positive
Helicobacter Pylori
Vibrio Species
Campylobacter Jejuni
169
"Comma Shaped" Bacilli
Vibro
170
Helicobacter Pylori rapid test
Breath test: Can be tested with Urea breath test, radioactive urea that is broken down and exhaled as CO2 and NH3 by urease positive organisms.
171
MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTOR of H. pylori
Allows to reduce the acidity of the stomach and allows Helicobacter to survive there. 6
172
Causes 95% of all duodenal ulcers
H. Pylori
173
Chronic infection of H. Pylori can lead to:
- Gastric adenocarcinoma
| - MALT ( lymphoma of mucous associated lymphoid tissue. )
174
TXT H. Pylori
Proton Pump Inhibitor + Amoxicilin + Clarithromycin
175
Transmission of H. Pylori
Fecal-Oral
176
Thrives in aquatic environments, hot tub folliculitis
Pseudomona
177
Swimmers otitis media
Pseudomona
178
Produces a blue green pigment when plated may even turn wounds blue
Pseudomona
179
Pseudomona pigments
Pyocyanin and pyoverdin
180
Most common Gram Neg Nosocomial Pneumonia
Pseudomona
181
Most common Gram Neg Nosocomial Pneumonia, respiratory failure in Cystic fibrosis patient
Pseudomona
182
Osteomyelitis in the IV drug users and Diabetics
| Burn patients are especially susceptible.
Pseudomona
183
Burn patients are especially susceptible.
Pseudomona
184
Indwelling catheter infections from UTI's, chamber pot, nosocomial UIT's
Pseudomona
185
Pruritic folliculitis ( Hot tub folliculitis) - ecthyma gangrenosom
Pseudomona
186
ecthyma gangrenosom 'black spot on skin" like Dalmata
Pseudomona
187
Pseudomona's Toxin
Exotoxin A = Ribosolation of elongation factor 2, leads to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death
188
```
TXT Pseudomona
(3)
```
- Penicilinas anti-pseudomona: Piperacilina
- Aminoglucosidos -> Tobramicina
- Fluoroquinolones
189
2 Types of Salmonella
Salmonella E.
| Salmonella Typhi
190
Non lactose Fermenter, white on MacConkey’s
Shigella
Salmonella
Proteus
191
All motile enteric colonies stain black on hektoen aga
Salmonella
| Shigella
192
Salmonella is positive for ______ turns indicator color _____ for alkaline pH
Citrate turns color blue.
193
Acid Labile EnteroBacteries
Shigella
| Salmonella
194
Invades through colon through the macrophages to get into the colon, Facultative intracellular
Salmonella
| *cage near of chicken*
195
Caused by eating undercooked Chickens and Causes inflammatory Diarrhea, Gastroenteritis
Salmonella E
196
Type 3 secretion system that detects eukaryotic cells that will increase infectivity
Shigella
Salmonella E
Yersenia Pestis
197
typhoid Fever
Salmonella Typhi
| *always from human source
198
Human reservoir for S. Typhi
Harbored in the Gall Bladder " Thyphoid Mary
199
#1 cause of osteomyelitis in adults with sickle cell
Salmonella Typhi
200
Can cause "pea soup" diarrhea
Salmonella Typhi
201
TXT Typhoid fever
Treated with fluoroquinolone, or ceftriaxone
202
the S. typhi vaccinne is
Live, Attenuated Vaccine
203
Salmonella Septicemia
Chloramphenicol
Ampicilin // Amoxicilin
or TMP/SMX for 10 days
204
TBT Salmonella
Cipro/levo
| CEFTRIAXONE
205
3 phases of Typhoid fever
1. After sufficient bacteria have multiplied in the intestines there is a manifestation of lethargy dull frontal headache, CONSTIPATION.
2. Fever and are severely ill with a Dull Expressionless look, rose spots develop mainly on the trunk
3. Second Bacteremia occurs from reinfection of biliary tract, pus in stools and bleeding in peyers patches, Ileum Necrosis
206
Pus in stool
| Bloody peyers patches,Illeum necrosis
Salmonella typhi
207
Constipation,fever,frontal headache,lethargy,rose spots IN TRUNK
Sallmonelosis
208
Prefers to grow in alkaline media,Comma Shaped Bacilli
Vibrio
| ACID LABILE - Dies with acid
209
Grows on TCBS agar
Vibrio
210
Causes Profuse watery diarrhea "Rice Water" stool
Vidrio
211
Vibrio cholera transmision
transmitted fecal oral due to poor sanitation that gets into food and is not an invasive infection
212
Vibrio mechanisms for attaches
Attaches to the mucosa by fimbriae.
213
Main Virulence Factor Vibrio
AB type toxin;
a) increase cAmp
b) activate the GS pathway = watery diarrhea through an efflux if Cl and H2.
214
AB type toxin from Vibrio
a) increase cAmp
| b) activate the GS pathway = watery diarrhea through an efflux if Cl and H2.
215
TXT Vibrio
Oral rehydration therapy with electrolytes
216
contaminate seafood, especially oysters and causes Acute Gastroenteritis .
Vibrio Vulnificus
217
Causes fulminating septicemia leading to death. Marked edema and necrosis
Vibrio Paraliticus
