Bacteria Cells

Question 1

Explain why plasmids are important for the survival of bacterial pathogens. (4)

Answer 1

(plasmids) contain DNA/genes (1)
(plasmids) contain alleles for antibiotic resistance (L)
gene transfer can occur (between individual cells of the same or different species) (1)
can lead to bacterial pathogens with resistance to (multiple) antibiotics (1)
reduces/avoids destruction from immune response/white blood cells (1)
genetic modifications/ genetic engineering
(plasmids) may code for toxins or virulence factors (1)
(plasmids) may give a pathogen the ability to digest particular substances (1)

Question 2

What is the structure of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Surrounded by a cell wall made of peptidglycan

Question 3

What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic?

Answer 3

To protect and support each cell.

Question 4

What is the structure of plasmids?

Answer 4

It has small loops of DNA.

Question 5

What is the function of plasmids?

Answer 5

To carry genes that may be benefit the survival of the organism.

Question 6

What is the structure of capsule?

Answer 6

Has a slippery layer outside the cell wall of some species of bacteria.

Question 7

What is the function of capsules?

Answer 7

To protect the cell and prevent dessication.

Question 8

What is the structure of the nucleoid?

Answer 8

The nuleoid is irregularly shaped region that holds nuclear material without a nuclear membrane and where the genetic material is localised. The DNA forms one circular chromosomes.

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleoid?

Answer 9

The nucleiod is the region where generic information can be found and controls cellular activity.

Question 10

What is the function of bacterial cells?

Answer 10

• To produce and secrete toxics that have an effect on other organisms.
• DNA is free in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell in the area called the nucleoid.
• A section of DNA containing a genetic code for a metabolite unwinds and hydrogen bonds break.
• RNA nucleotide line up (complementary base paring).
• Messenger RNA is formed (Known as translation which occurs in the ribosome).
• Transcription and translation can occur simultaneously because genetic material is free in.
• The nucleoid surrounded by ribosomes.
• The newly made proteins/toxin is moved to the surface membrane ready to be secreted to cause infection.