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Tissues of the Body > Bacteria and viruses > Flashcards

Bacteria and viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What does steptocus pyogenes cause and whats its gram reaction?

A

Positive

Necrotising fascitis

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2
Q

Group B Streptococci

A

Psotive gram stain

Neonatal sepsis and meningitis

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3
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Gram positive

Pneumonia (also meningitis, sepsis and endocarditis)

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4
Q

Neisseria meningitis

A

negative gram stain

Septicaemia and meningitis

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5
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

negative gram stain

Gonorrhoea which can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and epididymitis

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6
Q

Escherichia coli

A

negative gram stain

watery diarrhoea, acute renal failure (haemolytic uremic syndrome)

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7
Q

salmonella spp.

A

negative gram stain

gastroenteritis, typhoid fever

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8
Q

shigella

A

negative gram stain

dysentery, blood diarrhoea

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9
Q

psuedomonas aeruginosa

A

negative gram staining

gerneralised inflammation and sepsis

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10
Q

legionella spp.

A

negative gram stain
pontiac fever, legionairres diesease (legionellosis)
-acute influenza or pneumonia

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11
Q

helicobacter pylori

A

negative gram staining

Causal role in peptic ulcers especially duodenal

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12
Q

Bacteroides spp.

A

negative gram stain

abscesses and lesions

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13
Q

chlamydia spp.

A

negative gram staining

chlamydia

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14
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid fast staining (cannot be identified using gram staining)
Tuberculosis

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15
Q

mycobacterium leprae

A

acid fast staining (cannot use gram staining to identify)

Leprosy

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16
Q

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram positive (dye blue) retain the crystal violet (blue) dye on staining and the acetone or methanol doesn’t wash it away as it has a thick peptidoglycan wall. Gram negative bacteria have an outer membrane lipopolysaccharide cell wall but only a thin peptidoglycan wall therefore the crystal violet dye washes away when acetone or methanol is applied, this then dyes red.

17
Q

What antibiotics are contained within B-Lactams and what do they target?

A

Penicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin and cephalexin

Target the cell wall

18
Q

What drug is within the glycopeptide group and what does it target?

A

Vancomycin

Targets cell wall

19
Q

What antibiotics target the cell wall of bacteria?

A

Penicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxillin, cephalexin (all B-Lactams) and Vancomycin (glycopeptide)

20
Q

What antibiotics target protein synthesis?

A

Gentamicin (aminoglycoside), Erithromycin (macrolide), Tertacycline (polyketide),

21
Q

What antibiotic affects DNA?

A

Ciprofloxacin (chemotherapeutic)

22
Q

What drugs target Anti-folate?

A

Trimethoprim

Metonidazole

23
Q

What antibiotic affects RNA polymerase?

A

Rifampicin

24
Q

What does Staphyloccocus aureas cause and what is its gram stain classification?

A

Positive gram stain
Abcesses, toxic shock syndrome and food poisoning (may cause endocarditis and osteomyelitis if it enters the blood stream)

25
Q

Which bacteria give a positive gram stain?

A

Staphylococcus aureas, streptoccus pyogenes, Group B sterptococci and steptococcus pneumoniae

26
Q

Explain the process of gram staining

A

Crystal violet binds to negatively chaged cell components
Iodine forms a large molecular complex
Acetone/methane-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer, so they retain blue dye.
Red dye -GRAM NEGATIVE bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer, so the alcohol washes the colour away, so extra staining required.

27
Q

Clostridium perfingens

A

Positive gram stain

Gas gangrene

28
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Positive gram stain

Antibiotic associated diarrhoea (can lead to pseudomembranous colitis)

29
Q

What does the drug penicillin act on and it what group is it classified?

A

Cell wall

B-lactams

30
Q

What does amoxicillin target and what group?

A

Cell wall

B-lactams

31
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

Cell wall

B-lactams

32
Q

Cephalexin

A

Cell wall

B-lactams

33
Q

Vancomycin

A

Cell wall

Glycopeptide

34
Q

Gentamicin

A

Protein synthesis

Aminoglycoside

35
Q

Erthromycin

A

Protein synthesis

Macrolide

36
Q

Tetracycline

A

Protein synthesis

Polyketide

37
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

DNA

Chemitherapeutic

38
Q

Rifampicin

A

RNA Polymerase

39
Q

Trimethroprim and metronidazole

A

Anti-folate

Tissues of the Body (7 decks)

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