Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

proteobacteria

Answer 1

• gram negative
  -includes photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophs
  - includes pathogens like:
  - neisseria gonorrhoeae (causes gonorrhoeae)
  - vibrio cholerae (causes cholera)
  - helicobacter pylori (causes stomach ulcers)

Question 2

Chlamydias

Answer 2

• all species parasitize animal cells and have gram-negative walls
  - i.e chlamydia trachomatis (most common std in us)

Question 3

Spirochetes

Answer 3

• helical
• gram negative
• heterotrophs
  spiral through environments by rotating internal filaments
• some free living, some pathogen
  - i.e treponema pallidum (syphillis) and borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)

Question 4

cyanobacteria

Answer 4

• gram negative
• photoautotrophs
• plant chloroplasts likely evolved from cyanobacteria by the process of endosymbiosis
  solitary and filamentous cyanobacteria are abundant components of freshwater and marine phytoplankton

Question 5

gram positive bacteria are a diverse group

Answer 5

• actinomycetes: colony forming bacteria including pathogens and soil decomposers
• soil dwelling species of streptomyces are cultured as a source of antibiotics, including tetracycline

Question 6

archaea share

Answer 6

certain traits with bacteria and other traits with eukaryotes; they also have many unique characteristics

Question 7

extremophiles

Answer 7

archaea that live in extreme environments, uninhabitable for most organisms

Question 8

extreme halophiles

Answer 8

either tolerate or require highly saline environments

Question 9

extreme thermophiles

Answer 9

adaptations that make their DNA and proteins stable at high temperatures (even above 100 degrees C)

Question 10

methanogens

Answer 10

• obligate anaerobes
  -produce methane as a byproduct of metabolism
• found in diverse environments (i.e in ice in greenland, in swamps and marshes, in the guts of cattle termites and other herbivores)

Question 11

euryarchaeota

Answer 11

clade that includes many of the extreme halophiles, most methanogens, some extreme thermophiles

Question 12

TACK

Answer 12

supergroup composed of the remaining, closely related clades of archaea

-Thaumarchaeota
-Aigarchaeota
-Crenarchaeota (most extreme thermophiles)
-Korarchaeota