Bacteria- A Primer

Question 1

Disaccharides found in the cell wall

Answer 1

Peptidoglycan

Question 2

What color does gram positive bacteria stain?

Answer 2

Purple

Question 3

Gram positive is THIN/THICK and contains ___________ acids

Answer 3

Thick

Teichoic

Question 4

Gram negative bacteria stains what color?

Answer 4

RED

Question 5

Gram negative bacteria is THIN/THICK and is surrounded by and outer membrane that contains what?

Answer 5

Thin

LPS/endotoxin

Question 6

AA crosslink is catalyze by

Answer 6

Transpeptidase

Question 7

Which is vulnerable to lysozyme and penicillin attack – gram + or gram -

Answer 7

Gram +

Gram - is resistant because of its outer membrane with LPS/Endotoxin

Question 8

Thick wall

Answer 8

Gram +

Question 9

Thin wall and LPS

Answer 9

Gram -

Question 10

Effects of endotoxin? What structure is it found on?

Answer 10

Systemic inflammation, fever, possible fatal shock

On the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) the outer membrane of gram -

Question 11

Bacteria in the blood, or ______________, can lead to an immune response known as:

Answer 11

Bacteremia

Sepsis

Question 12

Why is endotoxic shock a bad name?

Answer 12

Because it can be from gram positive or gram negative bacteria, it doesnt have to be only from Endotoxin in gram negative rod!

Question 13

Septic shock is __% fatal

Answer 13

40

Question 14

BActerial flagella is made of __________ whereas eukaryotic flagella is made of __________

Answer 14

Flagellin

Tubulin

Question 15

The two functional types for Pili are:

Answer 15

1. Attachment

2. Conjugation

Question 16

Naked, circular molecule of DNA

Answer 16

Nucleoid

Question 17

Additional hereditary material used for toxins, resistance, etc

Answer 17

Plasmid

Question 18

Synthesize protein, 70S vs 80S?

Answer 18

Ribosomes

70-bacteria

80-human

Question 19

Prefer oxygen but can live anaerobically

Answer 19

Facultative anaerobes

Question 20

Do not use oxygen because oxygen is a poison

Answer 20

Obligate anaerobes

Question 21

Require low oxygen and high CO2

Ex?

Answer 21

Capnophiles

Neisseria

Question 22

Exotoxins that cause paralysis

Answer 22

Neurotoxins

Question 23

Exotoxins that cause are found in the gut

Answer 23

Enterotoxins

Question 24

Result of enterotoxins?

Answer 24

Osmotic movement of fluid into the gut…….diarrhea

Question 25

Exotoxins that stimulate proinflammatory cytokines release

Answer 25

Pyrogenic exotoxins

Question 26

Endotoxins are a component of: Exotoxins are secreted by:

Answer 26

Gram - Gram +

Question 27

Protein G is found on what organism? What does it do?

Answer 27

Staph aureus, prevents phagocytosis

Question 28

HIV destroys T-cells....what kind?

Answer 28

CD4, Th

Question 29

Chlamydia and salmonella can come from your..

Answer 29

Pets. Gross

Question 30

"We don't let our kids eat dirt" or some shit

Answer 30

Hygiene hypothesis

Question 31

Normal flora found in the mouth, teeth, and throat

Answer 31

Vividans streptococci

Question 32

Normal flora found in the nose

Answer 32

Staph aureus

Question 33

Normal flora found in the skin

Answer 33

Staph epidermis

Question 34

Normal flora found in the larger intestine

Answer 34

Clostridium and E.Coli

Question 35

Lysis in Alpha vs beta vs gamma blood agar

Answer 35

Alpha - incomplete RBC lysis Beta - complete RBC lysis Gamma - no lysis

Question 36

What are the 3 KEE lactose fermenters?

Answer 36

Klebsiella E.Coli - #1 Enterobacter

Question 37

Enzyme that differentiates Staph from Strep

Answer 37

Catalase

Question 38

Enzyme that differentiates Staph aureus from Coag neg staph

Answer 38

Coagulase

Question 39

Optochin identifies what 2 bacteria?

Answer 39

Viridans strep & s. Pneumonia O-VeR-PaSs

Question 40

Novobiocin identifies what 2 bacteria?

Answer 40

Staph sapro and staph epi NO to STReSS