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microbiology > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus investigation x3?

A

Gram +ve cocci
Catalase +ve
–> Coagulase +ve

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2
Q

Diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus? Think main and x4 others

A

Skin infection (impetigo/cellulitis)
Osteomyelitis/septic arthritis
Pneumonia
Endocarditis

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3
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis investigation x3?

A

Gram +ve cocci
Catalase +ve
–> coagulase -ve

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4
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis disease caused?

A

Endocarditis (prosthetic valves)

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5
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus investigation x3?

A

Gram +ve cocci
Catalse +ve
–> coagulase -ve

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6
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus disease caused?

A

UTI - honeymoon cystitis

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7
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae investigation x2?

A

Gram +ve cocci

Catalase -ve

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8
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae effect on blood agar and optochin?

A

Green edge on blood agar

Optochin resistant

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9
Q

Diseases caused by streptococcus pneumoniae? x2

A

Pneumonia and meningitis

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10
Q

Streptococcus viridians investigation x2?

A

Gram +ve cocci

Catalase -ve

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11
Q

Streptococcus viridians effect on blood agar and optochin?

A

Green edge on blood agar and optochin resistant

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12
Q

Streptococcus viridians disease caused?

A

Endocarditis - rheumatic patients in dental

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13
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes investigation x2?

A

Gram +ve cocci

Catalase -ve

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14
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes effect on blood agar and which Lancefield?

A

Clear on blood agar

A

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15
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes will cause x2 main?

A

Cellulitis and strep throat

Also rheumatic fever/glomerulonephritis/impetigo (if becomes very severe)

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16
Q

Listeria monocytogenes investigation x1 and aerobic/anaerobic?

A

Gram +ve bacilli

Aerobic

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17
Q

Listeria monocytogenes main in specifically who, and x2 diseases caused?

A

Meningitis in immunocompromised, sepsis (neonates), abortion in pregnant

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18
Q

Clostridium investigation x1 and aerobic/anaerobic?

A

Gram +ve bacilli

Anaerobic

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19
Q 
Clostridium will cause x4?
C.perfringes?
C.tetani?
C.difficile?
C.botulinum?
A

Perfringes - gas gangrene
Tetani - tetanus
Difficile - pseudoemn colitis
Botulinum - botuilism

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20
Q

Bacillus is notifiable and investigation x2?

A

Gram +ve bacilli

Aerobic

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21
Q

Bacillus anthracic causes?

Bacillus cereus caused?

A

Anthrax and food poisoning (rice) respectively

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22
Q

Escherichia coli investigation x1?

A

Gram -ve bacilli

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23
Q

Effect of E.coli on MacConkey and therefore?

A

Lactose fermenter as purple

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24
Q

E.coli will cause x4?

A

Diarrhoea, UTI, pneumonia, Meningitis (neonates)

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25
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae investigation?

A

Gram -ve bacilli

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26
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae effect on MacConkey and therefore?

A

Lactose fermenter as purple

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27
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae will cause x2?

A

Pneumonia

UTI

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28
Q

Nesisseria investigation x2?

Oxidase?

A

Gram -ve cocci

Oxidase +ve

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29
Q

Nesisseria will cause? x2

A

Meningitis and gonorrhoea

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30
Q

Haemophilus influenzae investigation?

Chocolate agar?

A

Gram -ve coccobacilli

VX on chocolate agar

31
Q

H.influenzae will cause? x4

A

Meningitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, sinusitis

32
Q

Legionella pneumophilia investigation x1?

And which test?

A

Gram -ve coccobacilli

Urine antigen test

33
Q

Legionella pneumophilia causes? In who?

A

Severe pneumonia particularly in the immunocompromised

34
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa investigation x3?
Lactose fermenter?
Oxidase?

A

Gram -ve bacilli
Non-lactose fermenter
Oxidase +ve

35
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa will cause x2?

A

UTI, pneumonia, sepsis

and smelly sputum

36
Q

Proteus mirabilis investigation?

Lactose fermenter?

A

Gram -ve bacilli

Non-lactose fermenter

37
Q

Proteus mirabilis diseases caused?

A

UTI, kidney stones

38
Q

Campylobacter jejuni/coli investigation?

Oxidase test?

A

Parvobacteria - spiral rods

Oxidase +ve

39
Q

C. jejuni/coli causes? x2

A

Giullian Barre, diarrhoea (food poisoning)

40
Q

H.pylori investigation oxidase test? What shape?

A

Positive and spiral shape

41
Q

H. pylori causes?

A

Chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers

42
Q

Salmonella investigation; lactose fermenter and oxidase?

A

Gram -ve bacilli
Non-lactose fermenter
Oxidase -ve

43
Q

Salmonella disease caused?

A

Diarrhoea and abdominal pain

44
Q

Shigella investigation and think lactose fermenter and oxidase test?

A

Gram -ve bacilli
Non-lactose fermenter
Oxidase +ve

45
Q

Shigella causes

A

Dysentry

46
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes?

A

Tuberculosis

47
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis investigation; zeil-nelison stain and culture?

A

Acid fast bacilli

Culture is Lowenstein-Jenson slopes

48
Q

What happens in Beta-haemolysis?

A

Blood cells are completely broken down so will appear clear around the culture

49
Q

What happens in Alpha-haemolysis?

A

Greeny hue - Fe oxidised to green colour

50
Q

What happens in Delta-haemolysis?

A

Normal haemolysis

51
Q

What stain is required to see gram -ve bacteria?

A

Fuchsin or safranin counterstain

52
Q

Why is a different stain required to see gram -ve bacteria? Constituents of two layers.

A

Peptidoglycan layer is thinner outer membrane in gram -ve.
Inner leaflet - phospholipid
Outer leaflet - lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

53
Q

What is a virulence factor?

A

Any product or strategy that contributes to the pathogenicity/virulence

54
Q

x5 proteobacteria? (not important to recite all 5, but they are rod shaped)

A

Shigella flexneri, E.col, Salmonella enterica, proteus mirabilis, klebsiela pneumonia

55
Q

Why is the Ziehl-neelsen stain used for TB?

A

TB cell walls are very lipid dense so gram strain can’t penetrate them. Highlighted as yellow-orange on green as acid fast bacteria.

56
Q

What x3 bacteria can cause STI?

A

Chlamydia trochmatis, N. gonnorhoea and syphilis

57
Q

Treatment for bacteria causing STI?

A

Azithromycin, IM benzep or doxycycline (depends on the STI and individual)

58
Q

Lactose positive on Mackonkey-lactose agar colour?

A

Red/purple

59
Q

Lactose negative on Mackoney-lactose agar (e.g. salmonella)?

A

White

60
Q

Why is only a low dose of Shigella required to cause infection?

A

Acid-tolerant

61
Q

Why can salmonella cause enteric fever?

A

Initially there is little damage to the gut mucosa cells, but can spread systemically through the lymphatic system due to survival within macrophages

62
Q

Vibrio cholerae survives in what environment and can cause what disease?

A

Saline environment and can cause severe diarrhoeal disease

63
Q

Why is pseudomonas aeruginosa so dangerous?

A

Highly resistant to multiple antibiotics so very hard to treat once it has breached the host defenses of the organism

64
Q

Why reduced incidence of H.influenzae now?

A

Vaccine present

65
Q

N. gonorrhea causes which diseases x3?

A

Proctitis
Gingitis
Pharyngitis

66
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis causes?

A

Blindness, conjunctivitis, urethra membrane

67
Q

What are spirochaetae shape?

A

Long, slender, helical, highly flexible

68
Q

What do spirchaetae have as an adaptation to aid in their movement?

A

Endoflagella between peptidoglycan and outer membrane

69
Q

Treponema pallidum is the spirocheatae responsible for?

A

The STD syphilis

70
Q

Treponema pallidum primary, secondary and tertiary infection?

A

Primary - localized infection (ulcer)
Secondary - Systemic (joints, muscles, skin, lymph nodes)
Tertiary - granuloma in bone and soft tissue

71
Q

Which cells do mycobacteria survive very well within?

A

Macrophages and are very slow growing

72
Q

Why is TB not considered gram positive?

A

Won’t strain gram staining paper

73
Q

Leptospira bacteria will cause which disease?

A

Weil’s disease

74
Q

How do mycobacteria differ from normal bacteria?

A

Intracellular

microbiology (4 decks)

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