Bacteria

Question 1

Neisseria spp.

Answer 1

Meningitidis - septicaemia and swelling on meninges
Gonorrhoea - urethritis and inflammation
Gram negative
PCR test

Question 2

Morexella catarrhalis

Answer 2

Respiratory tract infections

Negative

Question 3

Coliforms

Answer 3

Gram negative bacilli
Enterobacteriacae
Commensals of large intestine
Lactose formation test

Question 4

Escherichia coli

Answer 4

Ferments lactose
Gram negative
UTI endotoxins and exotoxins

Question 5

Salmonella enterica

Answer 5

Gram negative
Doesn’t ferment lactose
Diarrhoea

Question 6

Salmonella typhi

Answer 6

Causes typhoid fever
Isolated from blood cultures and faeces
Gram negative

Question 7

Campylobacter spp.

Answer 7

Curved gram negative
Microaerophilic
Diarrhoea

Question 8

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 8

Negative
Curved rods
Damages mucous and creates ulcers
Cancer causing

Question 9

Haemophilia influenza

Answer 9

Coco bacilli
Respiratory tract infection
Negative

Question 10

Pseudomonas spp.

Answer 10

Hospital acquired infections
Gram negative
CF

Question 11

Bactericides fragilis

Answer 11

Commensalism
Can spread
anaerobe
Causes abscesses

Question 12

Acid and alcohol fast bacilli how do you identify?

Answer 12

Special stains Zhiel Neelsen or Auramine and culture

Question 13

Tuberculosis

Answer 13

Negative

Mycobacterium

Question 14

Spirochaetes examples and how you identify

Answer 14

Long spiral shaped 
Dark ground microscopy 
Immunofluorescence 
Serology 
Syphillus 
Lyme disease
Leptospirosis 
Gram negative

Question 15

Chlamydia

Answer 15

Gram negative
Obligate bacteria
Serology
Culture only in cell lines

Question 16

Cocci and bacilli mean?

Answer 16

Cocci round

Bacilli rod shaped

Question 17

Staph and strept mean?

Answer 17

Staph- clusters

Strept-chains

Question 18

Staphylococci

Answer 18

Positive
Coagulate test, positive means MRSA, negative commensal
Major infection problem

Question 19

Coagulate negative staphylococci

Answer 19

Range of species
S. Lugdunensis
Skin commensals
Form biofilms in presence of foreign bodies

Question 20

Streptococci

Answer 20

Positive 
Alpha (pneumonia) and beta haemolytic (range of types A pyogenes necrotising, B agalactiae (meningitis and bacteraemia) D enterococcus UTI commensals and non haemolytic) non haemolytic

Question 21

Streptococci test?

Answer 21

Alpha turns blood agar green
Beta - clears blood agar
Non haemolytic - no effect

Question 22

Clostridium difficile

Answer 22

Difficult to culture
Positive
Diarrhoea
Spreads by spores

Question 23

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 23

Soil
Positive
Contaminated food
Gas gangrene

Question 24

Clostridium tetani

Answer 24

Toxin leads to tetanus
Toxoid for immunisation
Positive

Question 25

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 25

Positive
Botox
Spores

Question 26

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 26

Positive
Anthrax
Spores