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Bacteria And Fungi > antimicrobials, and antifungals > Flashcards

antimicrobials, and antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin and cephalosporins

A

disrupts peptidoglycan synthesis by forming carbohydrate cross linkages, inhibiting penicillin binding proteins.

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2
Q

glycopeptides

A

works on gram positive by inhibiting formation of peptidoglycan cell wall.

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3
Q

aminoglycosides,

A

for serious gram-negative infections it prevents protein translation by blocking mRNA causing misreading of the codons preventing protein synthesis.

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4
Q

macrolides

A

interferes with protein elongation by blocking tRNA in gram positive bacteria

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5
Q

tetracyclin

A

binds to mRNA preventing codon recognition by the ribosome

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6
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

works on gram negative bacteria by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for the unzipping of DNA preventing replication

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7
Q

Polyenes

A

bind to ergosterol (toxic because can also bind to cholesterol) to disrupt the fungal cell wall

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8
Q

azoles

A

prevent ergosterol formation

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9
Q

Allylamines

A

blocks ergosterol formation

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10
Q

echinocandins,

A

inhibit synthesis of glucan polysaccharides effective against candida and aspergillus

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11
Q

amphotericin B

A

IV for systemic fungal infections but toxic.

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12
Q

nystatin

A

topical polyene

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13
Q

Fluconazole

A

new triazole, for yeast infections

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14
Q

Itraconazole

A

filamentous and fungus new triazole

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15
Q

terbinafine

A

dermatophytic infections,

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16
Q

caspofungin
micafungin
anidulafungin

A

echinocandins fungalcidal against aspergilla’s and candida

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17
Q

zidovudine

A

HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

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18
Q

nevirapine

A

HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

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19
Q

saquinavir

A

HIV viral protease inhibitor

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20
Q

Ganciclovir

A

aciclovir - Ganciclovir active against CMV.

Toxic and given by IV infusion.

21
Q

valganciclovir

A

aciclovir - pro-drug of ganciclovir
oral alternative for some CMV situations, (treatment and prophylaxis). Bone marrow toxicity
`

22
Q

foscarnet

A

aciclovir - HSV, VZV and CMV infections, resistant to the nucleoside analogues.
Highly nephrotoxic,
only be given intravenously

23
Q

famciclovir

A

aciclovir - HSV, shingles

24
Q

valaciclovir

A

aciclovir - HSV, shingles

25
Q

Cidofovi

A

Cidofovir is used for CMV retinitis

when other anti-viral drugs are inappropriate

26
Q

ribavirin

A

interferon alpha

27
Q

Zanamivir

A

respiratory viruses

28
Q

Oseltamivir

A

respiratory viruses

29
Q

Benzyl penicillin

A

Gram positive organisms

Intravenous treatment of pneumococcal, meningococcal and Strep pyogenes infection

30
Q

Amoxicillin, ampicillin

A

Gram negative activity
(20-30% of coliform now resistant).
oral absorption
It covers streptococci and some coliforms

31
Q

Co-amoxiclav
(amoxicillin +
β-lactamase enzyme inhibitor: clavulanic acid).

A

Exented spectrum to cover
β-lactamase producing coliforms
beta lactam

32
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

Resistant to staphylococcal β-lactamase action.
First choice treatment for
staphylococcal infections
penicillin

33
Q

Piperacillin

A 
Extended gram negative cover. 
Activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas. Anti-anaerobic activity, 
(intra-abdominal infection).
Combination with the β-lactamase 
inhibitor tazobactam
34
Q

Imipenem, meropenem

A

close relatives of the penicillins (carbapenems).
All active against most bacteria,
including anaerobes.

35
Q

cephradine
cefuroxime
ceftriaxone
ceftazidime

A

cephalosporin’s
Gram positive activity
(e.g. against staphylococcci)
decreases proportionately from first through to third generation drugs

36
Q

gentamicin

A

aminoglycoside
These are noted for their action against gram negative organisms especially staph not strept
including pseudomonas, with very little resistance seen in the UK
toxic

37
Q

vancomycin

teicoplanin

A

Activity against
only gram positive organisms,
both aerobic and anaerobic
vancoymycin must be monitored for toxicity

38
Q

Clarithromycin

Erythromycin

A

macrolides
mainly against
gram positive organisms.
used as an alternative to penicillin in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity (allergy).

39
Q

Azithromycin

A

macrolides
Azithromycin is a newer macrolide which is useful for single dose
treatment of Chlamydia infection.

40
Q

nalidixic acid
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin

A

Wide spectrum of action, active
against nearly all gram negative organisms including pseudomonas
quinolones

41
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

inhibit DNA synthesis more directly

quinolones

42
Q

Metronidazole

A

Effective against anaerobes, both gram positive

(e.g., Clostridia) and gram negative

43
Q

fusidic acid

A

Staphylococcus aureus can develop resistance very readily to this agent and thus it should always be used in combination with other anti-staphylococcal drugs such as flucloxacillin
only an anti-staph

44
Q

co-trimoxazole

A

consists of Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole

for UTI’s

45
Q

Clindamycin

A

The only lincosamide antibiotic in common use and has good activity against gram positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.

46
Q

Linezolid

A

MRSA

47
Q

daptomycin

A

gram positive, MRSA

48
Q

nalidixic acid

A

UTI

49
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

UTI

Bacteria And Fungi (5 decks)

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