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Infectious Agents > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Endocarditis

A

Streptococcus (viridans)
S. aureus
S. epidermidis- usually foreign body

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2
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A

Infection of sublingual and submandibular spaces especially with base of tongue swelling

Starts w dental infection.

Oral anaerobes

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3
Q

Lemiere’s syndrome

A

Posterior compartment of lateral pharyngeal space w suppurative thrombopglebitis of IJ vein. Shows right sided septic emboli to lung.

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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4
Q

Most common causes of neonatal meningitis

A

Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria

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5
Q

1 cause of contaminated blood cultures

A

Staph epidermidis

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6
Q

Endocarditis with a prosthetic heart valve

A

Staph epidermidis if within 60 days of replacement

Viridans streptococci after 60 days of replacement

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7
Q

Honeymoon cystitis

A

Staph saprphyticus

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8
Q

Acute Rheumatic Fever

A

Strep pyrogenes

Major:

  • Migratory arthritis
  • Carditis and valvulitis
  • CNS- sydenham chorea
  • Erythema marginatum
  • Subcutaneous nodules

Minor

  • Arthralgias
  • Fever
  • Acute phase reactant elevation
  • Prolonged PR interval
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9
Q

Scarlet fever

A

strep pyrogenes

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10
Q

1 cause of bacterial pharyngitis

A

strep pyrogenes

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11
Q

Direct invasion of strep pyrogenes

A

Pharyngitis
Skin infection
Scarlet fever
Toxic shock

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12
Q

Strep pneumo clinical presentation

A

Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

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13
Q

Renshaw cells

A

C. tetani

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14
Q

Treatment of c. diff

A

ORAL vancomycin

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15
Q

Gram + with endotoxin

A

Listeria

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16
Q

Propioniba

terium acnes

A

Anaerobic slow growing gram + rod
Found on normal human skin and mucosal surface flor
Painful, but not necessarily inflammatory on an aspiration of a suspected joint
-Acne in teens
-Surgical wounds
-Invasive deep infection with implantable devices

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17
Q

Bacteria that act like fungi

A

Nocardia and actinomyces

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18
Q

Sulfur granules and sinus tracts

A

Actinomyces

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19
Q

Gram - coffee bean diplococci

A

Neisseria

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20
Q

Arthritis of N. gonorrhoeae

A

Presents with triad of

  • Dermatitis
  • Tenosynovitis
  • Migratory polyarthalgia
21
Q

Most common causes of meningitis 6-60 yrs old

A
  • N. meningitidis
  • Enterovirus
  • S. pneumoniae
22
Q

Meningococcemia with petechia rash

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

N. meningitidis

23
Q

Most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infections

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

24
Q

Inducible beta lactamases

A

Enterobacter

Causes lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and intra-abdominal infections and wound

Nosocomia outbreaks with colonization of surgical equipment

25
Q

Poultry, eggs, reptiles

A

Salmonella

26
Q

Enteric fever

A

Salmonella

  1. Typhoid fever: 6-30 day incubation. Fever, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, rose spots, bacteremia
  2. Chronic carrier - Typhoid Mary
  3. Gastroenteritis
  4. Sepsis
  5. Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
27
Q

Capsular Vi

Rose spots

A

Salmonella

28
Q

HUS

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

anemia, thrombocytopenia, and urema (renal failure)

29
Q

Y pestis types of plagues

A
  1. Bulbonic plague: produces a bubu- swollen, painful lymph node
  2. Septicemic plague: toxins cause DIC with bleeding into the skin and other organs, usually fatal
  3. Pneumonic plague: contaminated respiratory droplets expelled by infected persons are directly inhaled by another person. Greater mortality than bulbonic
30
Q

F1 antigen and V & W antigens

A

Y. pestis

31
Q

Age group presentations of Y. entercolitica

A

1-4 year olds: bloody diarrhea
Teens: bloody diarrhea + appendicitis like pain (mesenteric adenitis)
Adults: bloody diarrhea + arthritis

32
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

Campylobacter jejuni

33
Q

Curved gram negative rods

A

Campylobacter jejuni
Vibrio cholerae (comma)
Helicobacter pylori

34
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

Salt requiring. Associated with raw seafood consumption.
Toxin like cholergan
GI illness within 24 hours of ingestion. Diarrhea with fever.

35
Q

Vibrio vulnificans

A

Gulf up east coast

  • Oysters and 10% of crabs
  • Soft tissue infections rapid within 24-72 hours to necrosis after ingestions
  • Sepsis fatal within 48 hours
36
Q

Treatment for H. pylori

A

clarithromycin triple therapy or bismuth quadruple therapy

37
Q

Oxidase +
Gram -
Non lactose fermenting rod

A

Pseudomonas

38
Q

High pH urine and stone

A

Proteus mirabilis

39
Q

Stages of pertussis

A

Catarrhal stage: flulike symtoms, highly contagious
Paroxysmal stage: intermittent bouts of many coughs on a single expiration followed by whooping inspiration
Covalescent phase: encephalopathy, seizures, pneumonia

40
Q

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in kids 6mon-2yrs

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

41
Q

Pontiac fever and Legionnarie’s disease

A

Legionella pneumophilia

42
Q

Tularemias

A

Francisella tularensis

43
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Gram - diplococci
Common cold, otitis media
beta lactamase

44
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Gram variable/(+)
- Seen with bacterial vaginosis
- Clue cells and fishy odor
RX: metronidazole or clindamycin to kill anaerobic bacteria overgrowth

45
Q

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine

A

TB

46
Q

Cord factors

A

Of TB, inactivates mitochrondrial membranes of phagocytes allowing organisms to survive and multiply in phagocytes

47
Q

Types of infections of TB

A

Primary infection: Uninfected macrophages wall off and destroy infected macrophages. Form caseous granulomas. GHON complex. Granulomatous response, usually asymptomatic and self-limiting.

Secondary infection: Reactivation of old walled off lesions. Macrophages respond and form large caseous granulomas

Miliary infection: When tubercle erodes into blood vessel

48
Q

Hutchinson triad

A

Of congenital syphilis

  • interstitial keratitis,
  • noticed incisors
  • sensorineural hearing loss

Infectious Agents (8 decks)

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