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Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacteria with IgA proteases

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neiserria meningititidis, Neisseria gonorrhea

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2
Q

Toxin Polypeptide protein of gram positive and gram negative bacterias, destroyed rapidly at 60 degrees Celsius

A

Exotoxin

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3
Q

Lipopolysaccharide toxin og fram negative bacteria and listeria monocytogenes

A

endotoxin

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4
Q

only exotoxin not destroyed rapidly at 60C

A

Stpahylococcal exotoxin

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5
Q

toxic component of LPS

A

Lipid A

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6
Q

Stage without growth rate

A

lag or stationary

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7
Q

All bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan except

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (sterol cell wall)

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8
Q

All gram positive bacteria have no endotoxin except

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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9
Q

All bacteria capsules are composed of polysaccharide EXCEPT

A

Bacillus anthracis

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10
Q

All exotoxins are heat labile EXCEPT

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

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11
Q

Bacteria –> agar?
C. perfinges
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Grp D Strep

A

C. perfinges –> Egg yolk
Corynebacterium diphtheria –> Tellurite
Grp D Strep –> Bile Esculin

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12
Q

Bacteria –> agar?
N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhea (sterile site)
N. gonorrhea (unsterile site)
H. influenzae

A

N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhea (sterile site) –> Chocolate
N. gonorrhea (unsterile site) –> Thayer Martin or VPN (Vancomycin, Polystin or Colistin, Nystatin)
H. influenzae –> Chocolate + factors X and V

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13
Q

Bacteria –> agar?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Vibrio Cholerae
Bordatella pertussis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis –> Lowenstein Jensen
Vibrio Cholerae –> Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts
Bordatella pertussis –> Bordet Gengou; Regan - Lowe

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14
Q

Bacteria –> Agar?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Vibrio Cholerae
Bordatella pertussis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis –> Charcoal Yeast Extract
Vibrio Cholerae –> Skirrows
Bordatella pertussis –> Barbour - Steoenner - Kelly

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15
Q 
Bacteria --> Agar? 
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeurginosa
Salmonella, Shigella
Leptospira interrogans
A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae –> Eaton
Pseudomonas aeurginosa –> Cetrimide
Salmonella, Shigella –> Xylose - Lysine - Deoxycholate (XLD)
Leptospira interrogans –> Ellinghausen - McCullough - Johnson - Harris ( EMJH)/ Fletcher’s

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16
Q

Gram (+) cocci in grape like clusters
B hemolytic on blood agar
Catalas positive
Coagulase positive

A

S. aureus

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17
Q

Gold color of S. aureus is due to pigment?

A

stpahyloxanthines

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18
Q

Virulence factor leading to Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

TSST 1

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19
Q

Most common cause of acute endoarditis

A

S. Aureus

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20
Q

Valve affected in infected endocarditis in IV drug users

A

Tricuspid Valve

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21
Q

Most common cause of post viral pneumonia

A

S. aureus

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22
Q

What is cleaved in the desmosomes of SSS and in what skin layer?

A

Desmoglein

Stratum granulosum

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23
Q

DOC for VRSA

A

Linezolid

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24
Q

DOC for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

SE: Red man syndrome

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25
Q

Gram (+) cocci in clusters catalase positive

coagulase negative novobiocin sensitive

A

S. epidermidis

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26
Q

most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis, septic arthriitis in prosthetic joints, VPS shunts

A

S. epidemidis ( glycocalyx can adhere well to foreign bodies and form biofilms

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27
Q

2nd most common cause of UTI among sexually active women

A

S. saprophyticus

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28
Q

Group A beta hemolytic Strep

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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29
Q

Pathogen causing scarlet fever in S. pyogenes

A

Erythrogenic toxin

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30
Q

Protease that rapidly destroys tissue in necrotizing fascitis

A

Exotoxin B

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31
Q

titers that determine antecedent pharyngitis

A

Anti-streptolysin O (ASO)

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32
Q

titers that determine antecedent skin infection

A

Anti - DNAse B ( Streptolysin O is inhibited by skin lipids)

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33
Q

Spreading factor in cellulitis of S. pyogenes

A

hylaurinidase

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34
Q

test for susceptibility in Scarlet Fever

A

Dick test

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35
Q

strawberry tongue, Centrifugal rash, Pastia’s lines, desquamation

A

Scarlet fever

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36
Q

Jones Criteria for ARF

A

Migratory polyarthritis, Syndenham Chorea or St. Vitus nace, Erythema Marginatum, Subcutaneous notules, Carditis

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37
Q

PRotein recacting in ARF

A

M proteins

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38
Q

most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the Phils

A

E. coli

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39
Q

most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the wol

A

S. agalatiae ( Grp B strep)

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40
Q

cause of endocarditis in patients who had GIT surgery

A

Enterococcus faecalis ( grp D strep)

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41
Q

cause of Marantic enocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy

A

Steptococcus bovis

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42
Q

Cause of Subacute and native valve endocarditis

A

Viridans streptococci ( Streptococcus anguis)

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43
Q

m/c valve affected in infective endocarditis

A

Mitral valve

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44
Q

m/c cause of acute otitis media

A

Pneumococcus

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45
Q

Aerobes need what enzymes to live

A

Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, PEroxidase

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46
Q

QUelleng reaction

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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47
Q

M/c cause of CAP

A

S. pneumoniae

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48
Q

m/c cause in elderly mengitis

A

S. penumoniae

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49
Q

Encapsulated bacterias (7)

A

S. pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella typhi, Grp. B streptococci

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50
Q

Bacteria found in dental caris

A

S. mutans

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51
Q

Box car like rods, aerobic , gram (+), Medusa head morphology

A

Bacillus anthraxis

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52
Q

Woolsorter’s disease

A

Bacillus anthracis

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53
Q

most common cause of death in inhalational anthrax

A

hemorrhagic mediastinitis

54
Q

DOC cutaneous anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin

55
Q

DOC inhalation / GI anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline
+
1 or 2 additional antibiotics ( PCN, Vancomycin, Rifampin, Clindamycin, Clarithromycin, Imipenem)

56
Q

Reheated fried rice

A

B. cereus (Replace rice with cereal, get it ? )

57
Q

Enterotoxin in emetic form of B. cerus disease ( rice)

A

heat stable

58
Q

Enterotoxin in diarrheal form of B. Cerus disease ( from meat and vegetables)

A

Heat labile

59
Q

NT released by Tetanospasmin from what cells that causes its spectrum of disease

A

GLycine from Renshaw cells

60
Q

DOC tetanus

A

MEtronidazole ( PCN inhibits glycine so should not be used)

61
Q

Agent causing: Risus sardonicus, opisthotonos, lockjar ( trismus)

A

C. tetani

62
Q

anaerobic, gram positive , spore forming rods found in bulging canned goods and honey

A

C. botilinum

63
Q

BOtox is a preparation from what componenets of C> botilinum

A

Exotoxin A

64
Q

Floppy Baby syndrome

A

INfant botulism ( due to absence of competitive bowel microbes)

65
Q

Bulbar signs of C. botulinum

A

Diplopia, Dysphonia, Dysarthritis, Dysphagia

66
Q

LEcithinase that cleaves cell membranes in C. perfinges

A

alpha toxin

67
Q

Antibiotics notorious for causing C. difficile

A

Clindamycin, 2nd and 3rd gen Cephalosporins and ampicillin

68
Q

What causes pseudomembranous pharyngitis

A

C. diphtheria

69
Q

WHat causes pseudomembranous esophagitis

A

C. albicans

70
Q

elongation of ______ is the pathogenesis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

EF-2

71
Q

aerobic, non-spore forming non motile gram (+) rods club or comma shaped in V or L shaped looks chinese (-,-)

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

72
Q

Granules of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

MEtachromatic granules ( Babes-Ernst granules / volutin granules)

73
Q

tumbling motility
Shooting star motility
Swarming motility
Falling leaf motility

A

tumbling motility - L. monocytogenes
Shooting star motility - V. cholerae
Swarming motility - P. mirabilis
Falling leaf motility - G. lambia

74
Q

Gram (-) diplococci kidney shaped, ferments maltose and glucose

A

N. meningitides

75
Q

Gram (-) diplococci kidney shaped, ferments glucose

A

N. gonorrheae

76
Q

m/c cause of mengitis 2-18 y/o

A

N. mengitidis

77
Q

most severe form of meningococcemia characterized by high fever, shock, widespread purpura, DIC, thrombocytopenia, Adrenal insufficiency ( bilateral hemorrhagic destruction of adrenal glands)

A

Waterhouse- Friderichsen syndrome

78
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum

A

N. gonorrhea

79
Q

m/c cause of urethritis

A

n. gonorrhea

80
Q

m/c cause of PID

A

n. gonorrhea

81
Q

Violin string adhesions on the perihepatitis as a complication of PID

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

82
Q

DOC for uncomplicated N. gonorrhea infection

A

Cefexime

83
Q

DOC if pregnant and with complciated PID

A

Azithromycin

84
Q

m/c cause of spetic arthritis in sexually active males

A

N. gonorrhea

85
Q

HACEK organisms in subacute bacterial endocarditis

A 
Haemophilus aprophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikinella corrodens
Kingella kingae
86
Q

m/c cause of epiglotittis ( thum sign on lateral x-ray

A

Haemophilus influenzae

87
Q

Whooping cough

A

Bordatela pertussis

88
Q

Facultative intracellular bacteria causing atypical pneumonia and pontiac fever

A

Legionella pneumophilia

89
Q

Cauese of HUS

A

E. ocli O157 H7

90
Q

m/c cause of community acquired UTI

A

E. coli

91
Q

Cause of peristent watery diarrhea in children and patients infected with AIDS

A

EAEC

92
Q

Watery diarrhea/ Traveler’s Diarrhea, Montezuma’s revenge, Delhi belly

A

ETEC

93
Q

Test for Salmonella typhi

A

Widal test

94
Q

ANtigen causing typhoid fever

A

VI capsular antigen

95
Q

Where does the S. typhi go to establish a chronic carrier state

A

Gallbladder

96
Q

DOC for chronic carrier state of S. typhi

A

Ampicillin

97
Q

week of most complciations in typhoid fever

A

3rd ( bleeding, ileitis, pneumonia

98
Q

Culture source per week of tyhoid fever

A 
1 - blood
2 - urine
3 -stool
4 bone marrow
Chroniccarrier state bile
99
Q

Where does shigella invade in the GIT

A

distal ileum and colon, low infectious dose

100
Q

m/c cause of bacterial gastroenteritis

A

C. jejuni

101
Q

Disease associations of C> jejuni

A

GBS, Reactive arthritis (Reiter’s disease)

102
Q

Urease positive bacteria

A

Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Ureaplasma urealyticum

103
Q

m/c cause of pneumonia in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

104
Q

found in struvite stones

A

Proteus mirabilis

105
Q

most common cause of otitis externa and malignant otitis externa in diabetics

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

106
Q

Other use of BCG aside from TB prevention

A

urinary bladder cancer

107
Q

smallest free living organism

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

108
Q

m/c cause of atypical pneumonia

A

M. pneumoniae

109
Q

m/c infectious cause of SJS

A

M. pneumoniae

110
Q

Causes tabes dorsalis, Argyll robertson pupil, Chancre, condyloma lata

A

Treponoma pallidum

111
Q

Confirmatory test in T. pallidum

A

FTA- ABS

112
Q

Causes of False positive VDRL

A

Virus (EBV, Hepatitis), Drugs ( marijuana), Rheumatic fever, Rheumatic arthritis, LUpus, Leprosy

113
Q

Influenza like symptoms few hours after receiving penicillin due to lysis of treponemes ( also seen in Borrelia and Leptospira)

A

Jarisch- Herxheimer reaction

114
Q

largest medically important bacteria usually from deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and disease it causes?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi - Lyme disease

115
Q

Spectrum of disease in Lyme disease

A

Stage 1 Erythema chronicum migrans
Stage 2: Myocarditis, meningitis, bell’s palsy
stage 3: autoimmune migratory polyarthritis ( onion skin lesions), acrodermatitis enteropathica, chronica, arhtorphicans

116
Q

DOC lyme disease

A

doxycycline

117
Q

causes Relapsing fever transmitted by the human body louse ( Pediculus humanus)

A

BOrrelia recurrentis

118
Q

thin, coiled spirochetes, hooked at one or both pointed ends, obligate aerobe, grown on EMJH medium or Fletcher’s medium

A

Leptospira interrogans

119
Q

Gold standard diagnosis of L. interoggans

A

Lepto MAt 1:1600 cutoff for dx

120
Q

Weil’s syndrome

A

jaundice, bleeding, uremia

121
Q

DOC leptospirosis

A

penicillin G

122
Q

msot common STD overall

A

Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K

123
Q

m/c cause of infectious blindness in the world

A

C. trachomatis type A- C ( Halberstadter- PRowazek inclusions found in the conjunctival epithelial cells in trachoma)

124
Q

(+) Frei test

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

125
Q

OBLIgate intracellular paresite with (+) Weil Felix reaction

A

Ricketssiae

126
Q

Cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella Hensellae

127
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetti ( no rash, no vector only rickettsiae with negative Weil-Felix reaction, not obligate itnracellular, no Ricketssia in its genus name)

128
Q

(+) Whiff test , fishy odor, clue cells present

A

Gardnerella vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis

129
Q

Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyeri

130
Q

Gram negative rods known to cause mesenteric adenitis (DDX for appendicitis)

A

YErsinia enterolitica

131
Q

bipolar densitis ( DOnovan bodies that looks like closed safety pins, beefy red ulcer with velvety surface, pseudobuboe formation

A

Klebsiella granulamotosis –> Disease: Granuloma inguinale or Donovanosis

Microbiology (3 decks)

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