Bacteria 2

Question 1

Epiphytes

Answer 1

Bacteria which live non-parasitically on the surface

of a plant

Question 2

Endophytes

Answer 2

Bacteria which live non-parasitically within a plant

Question 3

Phylloplane

Answer 3

The phyllosphere can be further subdivided into the caulosphere (stems), phylloplane (leaves), anthosphere (flowers), and carposphere (fruits).

Question 4

Soil invaders/ Debris

Answer 4

Bacteria existing in association with host debris (seeds, plant parts; many Xanthomonads, Clavibacter)

Question 5

Soil inhabitants

Answer 5

Free living bacteria in soil – few plant pathogens
Crown Gall
Agrobacterium spp

Question 6

Host Entry

Answer 6

1. Wounds
2. Natural openings
   Stomates, hydathodes or lenticels
3. Weapons
   Many produce enzymes, toxins, hormones

Question 7

What initiates disease?

Answer 7

1. Environment - Optimal Conditions!
   Warm and moist conditions
2. Populations
   Cell density dependent signaling and activity. Quorum sensing of a diffusible signal molecule produced by bacteria (N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs)

Question 8

quorum sensing

Answer 8

system of stimuli and response correlated to population density.

Question 9

how to control

Answer 9

1. Prevent Entry
2. kills
   Antibiotics
   3.confuse them
   Interfere with quorum sensing signals
3. Biological Control
   ex Galltrol

Question 10

Ice Nucleation Bacteria

Answer 10

Super cooling capacity limited by INA+ bacteria

Question 11

three species serve as good ice nucleators

Answer 11

P. syringae pathogenic pvs
P. fluorescens
Pantonea agglomerans