Bacteria 1

Question 1

Characteristics of bacteria

Answer 1

Prokaryote 
Lack well define organelles 
DNA not organized 
DNA circular
Container plasmid

Question 2

Facultative parasites

Answer 2

Free living organism that can become parasitic in certain host

Can live as epiphytes, soil inhabitants, soil invaders

Question 3

Obligate parasites

Answer 3

Cannot live without host
No free living stage
Difficult or impossible to culture

Question 4

Bacterial DNA

Answer 4

Circular and plasmid

Question 5

Shape of bacteria (3)

Answer 5

Spiral, sphere, rod

Question 6

Types of fillamentous plant pathogenic bacteria

Answer 6

Motility 
Monotrichrous
Lophotrichrous
Aamphitricrous
Peritrichrous

Question 7

Reproduction of bacteria

Answer 7

Multiply by binary fission(asexual reproduction)

Question 8

Binary fission

Answer 8

Rapid 20-50min
Produce clone
Environment strongly influence

Question 9

Ways to introduce genetic variation

Answer 9

1 mutation the selection ( bacteria is a haploid so selection happen quickly)

2lateral ( horizontal ) gene transfer

Question 10

3 types of Lateral ( horizontal) gene transfer

Answer 10

Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction

Question 11

Characteristics of each types of lateral( horizontal) gene transfer

Answer 11

Conjugation- sex pilus or conjugation tube to connect two bacteria and transfer plasmid to another.

Transformation- involve uptake of short fragments of naked DNA by naturally transformable bacteria

Transduction- transfer gene by bacteriophage

Question 12

Symptom - leaf spots and blight

Answer 12

Common symptom

Halo/yellow zone due to t common pseudomonas, xanthamonas

Question 13

Symptom vascular wilts

Answer 13

Plug xylem elements, and prevent water movement

Clavibacter, xanthomonas, Erwin is

Question 14

Symptom bacterial soft rot

Answer 14

Affect root tuber due to enzyme
Utilize pectins from plant cell wall
Pectobacterium carotovorum

Question 15

Symptoms Timers and galls

Answer 15

Growth disorder by hormon

Agrobacterium

Question 16

How do we identify bacterial plant pathogens

Answer 16

Physical feature
Physiological feature

Genetic
Serological

Question 17

Physical feature

Answer 17

True bacteria walled prokaryotes, most rod shape, usually flagella.

Mollicutes wall less

Question 18

Cell wall composition

Answer 18

Peptidogylcan layer

• gram + peptide grylcan is most outside
• gram - peptidegrylcan is middle

Lipo- polysaccharide outer membrane for only gram -

Question 19

Pigmentation

Answer 19

Xanthomonadins are unique carotenoids like pigment

Question 20

Physiological Features

Relating to the way in which a living organism function

Answer 20

• Aerobic or anaerobic growth
• Ability to use specific nutritional sources
• Degradation of given substrates

Soft rot releases pectolytic enzyme – can degrade pectate
hypersensitive on tobacco plant

Question 21

Genetic Features

Answer 21

DNA

compare DNA sequence with BLAST

Question 22

Serological Features

Answer 22

Agdia Immunostrip
Identifies bacterial structural or secreted antigens
(usually protein based)

Question 23

Pathovar

Answer 23

~SUBSPECIES! ~Based on Host Species

Question 24

Race

Answer 24

~Based on host genotype/cultivars ~Due to genetic differences within species