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Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Endure high temperature

A

Thermoduric

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2
Q

salt tolerant

A

halophile

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3
Q

acid tolerant

A

acidophile

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4
Q

cold loving (-40 to -20C)

A

Psychrophiles

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5
Q

Moderate temp loving (20 to 40C)

A

Mesophiles

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6
Q

Although they can grow from 20-40 ºC, but the mesophiles would
grow best at ___C that’s why they
can survive in the body.

A

37

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7
Q

Heat loving (40 to 85C)

A

Thermophiles

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8
Q

Utilizes inorganic material as source of nutrients

A

Autotroph

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9
Q

Requires organic material for growth and development

A

Heterotroph

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10
Q

uses simple inorganic forms

A

chemolitotrophs

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11
Q

Air (oxygen) requiring

A

Aerobe

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12
Q

Air (oxygen) poisoned

A

Anaerobe

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13
Q

Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobe

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14
Q

Can survive with or without oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobe

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15
Q

Only need a small or minute amount of oxygen to survive

A

Microaerophilic

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16
Q

Do not need or use oxygen to survive, but they can tolerate or survive in its presence

A

aerotolerant

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17
Q

Largest bacteria; can grow up to 0.7 mm wide (macroscopic); discovered in Namibia.

A

Thioimargarita namibiensis

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18
Q

cell shape: These are rounded cells that can divide in different
planes.

A

cocci

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19
Q

cocci cell shape: Divides on a single plane and remain attached to each
other after division as pairs.

A

diplococci

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20
Q

cocci cell shape: Divides on a single plane and continues to divide
attached to each other forming a chain.

A

streptococci

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21
Q

cocci cell shape: Divides on more than three planes and appears as clusters.

A

Staphylococci

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22
Q

cocci cell shape: Divides on two planes and remain intact as packets of 4.

A

Tetrad

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23
Q

cocci cell shape: Divides on three planes and appears as packets of 8.

A

Sarcina

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24
Q

Bacilli divides only on its ___ not on its _____ axis

A

short axis, longitudinal

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25
Q

Bacilli that divides and separates

A

Bacillus

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26
Q

Oval-shaped bacilli

A

Cocobacillus

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27
Q

Bacilli that divides and remain attached

A

diplobacilli, streptobacilli

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28
Q

bacilli in singly (separate), arranged in palisade

A

pasilades

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29
Q

_____ are all singles and do not form clusters or chains

A

spirilla

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30
Q

Spirilla that is an enlarged rod

A

Fusiform

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31
Q

An example of a helical spirilla

A

H. pylori

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32
Q

An example of a spirochete spirilla and causative agent of syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

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33
Q

bacterial cell wall is mainly responsible for maintaining the ___ and __ of the bacteria cell

A

shape and integrity

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34
Q

_____ are the target of antibiotics

A

bacterial cell wall

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35
Q

Bacterial cell wall is the target of some antibiotics as they are _____

A

chemically different with eukaryotic cells

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36
Q

Bacterial cell wall consists of ____ layer which is also called the ____

A

peptidoglycan, murein

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37
Q

Peptidoglycan is a very important part of the cell wall since it differentiates the different types of microorganisms would help in the identification of bacterial cell
whether it is _______ or _____.

A

gram positive or gram negative

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38
Q

Generally, the peptidoglycan layer
consists of alternating _____ (NAG) and ________ (NAM), which are attached by peptide bridges.

A

N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid

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39
Q

bacteria that consist of thick peptidoglycan layer and is stained with purple.

A

Gram positive

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40
Q

Consists of very thin peptidoglycan layer, but it possesses an outer membrane which is mainly made up of lipopolysaccharide.

A

Gram negative

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41
Q

The outer membrane is easily dissolved in gram staining. Appearing red or pink.

A

Gram negative

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42
Q

Gram staining process involves?

A

Decolorizer (alcohol) -> mordant (Gram’s iodine) -> Crystal Violet-Iodine Complex (CVI complex)

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43
Q

_____ (found in the center) is a structure wherein there is no membrane that would bind or enclosed on it.

A

Nucleoid

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44
Q

____ is a community of different microorganisms. It is a combination of bacteria, fungi, protozoan and maybe some parasites that would protect each
other. This is usually found in canals/sewage.

A

Biofilm

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45
Q

Glycocalyx can be in the form of ________________ layer.

A

capsule/slime

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46
Q

____ glycocalyx is well organized while _____ glycocalyx is ruggedly arranged

A

capsule, slime

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47
Q

The function of capsule is to protect the bacteria form _____, ____, or _____, and it is also a ____ of bacterial cell form the process of phagocytosis.

A

desiccation, drying, or toxic substances, and it is also the protection

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48
Q

Spores is ___ a method of reproduction because there will be no increase in the number of the bacterial cell.

A

not

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49
Q

spore to vegetative cell

A

Germination

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50
Q

Endospores are chemically made up of _____ and ______. It allows the bacterial cell to produce the dormant stage. Because of this endospore formation, the cell becomes high resistant to anything that could affect the cell

A

dipicolinic acid and calcium

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51
Q

The ________ can survive an environment that would normally kill a bacterial cell in its vegetative form.

A

endospores

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52
Q

two regions of the endospore

A

exosporium and cortex

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53
Q

exosporium consist of ___ and __

A

spore coat and cysteine

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54
Q

cortex consists of ___and ____

A

peptidoglycan and central core

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55
Q

___ and ___ are genes in the bacterial cell that is activated whenever there is sporulation or endospore formation

A

spo and ssp

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56
Q

__________ are considered to be the virulence factor of some microorganisms although virulence is not only confined to the ability of the cell to produce toxins since there are other virulence factors.

A

Bacterial Toxin

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57
Q

Lipid A component of LPS - released from lysed or damaged cell of Gram 􀂲 negative

58
Q

Released extracellularly - usually by Gram- positive

59
Q

There are bigger number of antibiotics that are used in _______ organisms rather than ________ organism because of the toxic effect
that would happen especially if the target of the bacteria would be the cell wall

A

gram positive, gram negative

60
Q

They caused damage to the cell

61
Q

consists of cytokines and has massive inflammatory reaction

A

Super antigen

62
Q

Bacterial cell multiplication goes therough the process of ______

A

binary fission

63
Q

The period wherein the organisms double in number. Around 15 to 20 minutes depending on the type of organism

A

Generation time

64
Q

Any material containing essential nutrients for the growth and multiplication of bacteria

A

Culture media

65
Q

common bacteria: non-motile, non-spore-forming, catalase positive, carbohydrate fermenter

A

staphylococcus spp.

66
Q

common bacteria: white to deep yellow pigment, beta- hemolytic, Gram positive cocci in clusters

A

staphylococcus spp

67
Q

causes food poisoning, minor skin infection, TSS

68
Q

inhibition of phagocytosis by PMN

69
Q

hemolysins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (MRSA), exfoliative toxin, TSS toxin, enterotoxins are toxins of ____

A

staphylococcus spp.

70
Q

lancefield group a

A

S. pyogenes

71
Q

“flesh eating bacteria”

A

S.pyogenes

72
Q

bacteria that causes acute pharyngitis, scarlet fever, skin infections

A

s. pyogenes

73
Q

post sreptococcal, diseases like ______ and ______ may be acquired

A

rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis

74
Q

virulence factor of s. pyogenes

A

streptolysin O and A

75
Q

lancefield group b

A

S. agalactae

76
Q

bacteria that causes septicaemia, pmeumonia, meningitis

A

causes s.agalactiae

77
Q

causes bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media

A

s. pneumonia

78
Q

opportunistic pathogen I n GI and GU tract

A

viridans streptococcus

79
Q

a nosocomial infection bacteria

A

enterococci spp

80
Q

polysaccharide, pneumolysin, and phosphrylcholine are the virulence factor of _______

A

s. pneumonia

81
Q

bacteria spp that is gram positive cocci in chains, catalase negative

A

streptococcus

82
Q

bacteria spp that is an opportunistic pathogen I n GI and GU tract

A

Viridans Streptococcus

83
Q

Bacteria spp that causes nosocomial infection

A

Enterococci spp

84
Q

A spp that is gram positive spore-forming aerobic bacilli in chains

A

Bacillus spp

85
Q

Bacillus spp that has a bamboo appearance, spore appear ellipsoidal and are centrally located

A

B. anthracis

86
Q

Bacillus that causes Woolsorter’s disease

A

B. anthracis

87
Q

B.cereus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a food-borne illness, ______

A

progressive endophthalmitis

88
Q

Bacillus found in feces with no symptoms

A

B. thuringiensis

89
Q

B. subtilis is a _____

A

laboratory contaminant

90
Q

Actinomycetes and N. braziliensis are G+ that are catalase ____ and have ____ rods

A

positive, branching

91
Q

L.monocytogenes and C. diphtheria are catalase ___, ____ fast, ____ former, ____ rods

A

positive, non-acid, non-spore, non-branching

92
Q

Enteric organisms are gram _____ bacilli and cocobacilli

93
Q

Enteric organisms are Mcconkey ____ and oxidase ____

A

positive, negative

94
Q

Non lactose fermenters: SSP

A

Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus

95
Q

Rapid Lactose Fermenter: EEEK

A

E.coli, E.aerogenes, E.cloacae, K.pneumoniae

96
Q

E. coli virulence factors

A

O Ag, K Ag, Hemolysin

97
Q

The __ of E.coli causes colonization and infection

98
Q

The ___ of E.coli causes pyelonephritis

99
Q

The ___ is the cytotoxin of the E.coli

100
Q

E. coli is the causative agent of ___, ___, and ____

A

UTI, sepsis, meningitis

101
Q

E.coli associated diarrheal diseases

A

EPEC, ETEC, STEC, EIEC, EAEC

102
Q

E.coli-associated severe watery diarrhea in infants

103
Q

E.coli-associated traveler’s diarrhea

104
Q

E.coli-associated hemorrhagic colitis

105
Q

E.coli-associated similar to shigellosis

106
Q

E.coli-associated acute and chronic diarrhea

107
Q

Enteric organism that is non-motile and has mucoid colonies.

A

Klebsiella spp

108
Q

Enteric organism that is ampicillin-resistant, has multi-drug resistant plasmids, causes nosocomial infection

A

Klebsiella

109
Q

Enteric organism that is motile, positive for ornithine decarboxylase, nosocomial infection

A

Enterobacter

110
Q

Component of Enterobacter that makes it resistant to ampicillin, 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporin

111
Q

What causes enterobacter to be resistant to 3rd gen cephalosporin

A

hyperproduce beta-lactamase

112
Q

Resistant to aminoglycosides, penicillin, and
3rd generation cephalosporins

113
Q

Enteric organism that is has swarming colonies, chocolate cake smell, and a rapid urease producer

A

Proteus spp

114
Q

Causative agent of bacteremia, pneumonia, focal lesions, ear infection, and diarrhea

115
Q

Proteus that causes UTI

A

P.mirabilis

116
Q

Proteus that causes nosocomial infections

A

P.vulgaris

117
Q

Enteric organism that causes nosocomial infection

A

Morganella spp

118
Q

Enteric organism that causes UTI

A

providencia

119
Q

Enteric organism that causes UTI, sepsis, meningitis, and brain abscess

A

Citrobacter spp

120
Q

gene of C. feundii that causes resistance to ampicillin and 1st gen cepha

121
Q

non-motile and causes bacillary dysentery

A

Shigella spp

122
Q

Virulence factor of Shigella spp

A

LPS, S.dysenteriae T1

123
Q

Causative agent of enteritis, systemic infection, and enteric fever

A

Salmonella

124
Q

Salmonella that causes enteric fever

125
Q

S. choleraesuis causes _____

A

bacteremia with focal lesions

126
Q

_____ and _____ are the causative agents of enterocolitis

A

S. typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis

127
Q

Anaerobic bacteria can either be ___/___ or _____

A

strict/obligate or aerotolerant

128
Q

Strict/obligate anaerobes: BFP

A

Bacteroids, Fusobacterium, Prevotella

129
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes: CAB

A

Clostiridium, Actinomyces, Bafidobacterium

130
Q

C. perfringes virulence factors

A

Alpha toxin and Beta toxin

131
Q

Causative agent of gas gangrene, food poisoning, and necrotizing enteritis

A

C. perfringens

132
Q

TeNT is the virulence factor of ____

133
Q

Causative agent of tetanus

134
Q

Virulence factor of C. botulinum

135
Q

C. botulinum is the causative agent of ____, _____, ____ botulism

A

food-born, infant, wound botulism

136
Q

C. dificile virulence factors

A

TcdA and TcdB

137
Q

C. dificile causes

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

138
Q

B. fragilis and F. nucleatum virulence factors

A

Capsule endotoxin and succinic acid

139
Q

Causative agents of Localized or enclosed abscess, Bacteremia, Aspiration pneumomia, Septic arthritis, Chronic sinusitis, and Decubitus ulcer

A

B. fragilis and F. nucleatum

140
Q

spp that are generally aerobic, non-motile, very thin, slightly curved or straight rods

A

mycobactgerium spp

141
Q

mycobactgerium spp are non-spore forming except ___

A

M. marinum

Micro (8 decks)

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