Bacteria

Question 1

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 1

I: Wound infection, boils, (bullous) impetigo, other skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), sepsis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis

C: Skin infections, fever, heart murmur (when endocarditis)/Toxic shock syndrome

Question 2

Staphylococcus epidermis

Answer 2

I: Infections of intravascular catheters and implanted protheses.

C: Hospital-associated infection
(presence of foreign body)

Question 3

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 3

I: Tonsillitis, scarlet fever, otitis media, erysipelas

C: - Sore throat (acute inflammation), fever, malaise
- Overlaps with viral pharyngitis
- Toxic shock syndrome

Question 4

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 4

I: Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis

C: Fever, chills, cough, dyspnea pleuritic chest pain

Question 5

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 5

I: Bronchitis, acute epiglottitis, meningitis, arthritis

C: malaise, fever, sore throat, swelling in the neck/stridor

Question 6

Myobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 6

I: Tuberculosis (pulmonary or extrapulmonary)

C: - Fever, coughing, night sweats, weight loss
- Hemoptoe
- Lymphadenitis

Question 7

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 7

I: Meningitis

C: - Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity
- Petecchiae
- Septic shock

Question 8

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Answer 8

I: - Gonorrhoea, urethritis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease

C: Urethral/vaginal/rectal and/or pharyngeal infections, skin rash, arthritis

Question 9

Escherichia coli

Answer 9

I: - Urinary tract infection: cystitis, pyelonephritis
- Intestinal infections / peritonitis

C: - Dysuria/oliguria ± fever
- Flank pain (pyelonephritis)
- Abdominal symptoms: pain, diarrhea

Question 10

Salmonella typhi

Answer 10

I: Typhoid fever

C: Fever, abdominal cramps/pain, constipation or diarrhea

Question 11

Salmonella enterica

Answer 11

I: Gastroenteritis

C: Nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea ± fever

Question 12

Vibrio cholerae

Answer 12

I: Cholera

C: - extreme watery diarrhea causes large fluid loss (“rice water stools”)
- Dehydration and elektrolyte imbalance
- hypotension

Question 13

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 13

I: Gastroenteritis

C: Abdominal pain and fever, bloody diarrhea

Question 14

Bacteroides fragilis

Answer 14

I: Abdominal infections

C: - Abdominal pain, fever —> peritonitis
- Intra-abdominal abscess

Question 15

Clostridium difficile

Answer 15

I: Pseudomembranous colitis

C: - Diarrhea (watery or bloody), abdominal cramping, fever
- Toxic megacolon

Question 16

Clostridium tetani

Answer 16

I: Tetanus

C: - Trismus (lock-jaw)
- Massive muscle spasms
- Respiratory failure

Question 17

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 17

I: - Food poisoning
- Gas gangrene

C: - Diarrhea without fever or vomiting
- Deep wounds, evolving to edema, gangrene and shock

Question 18

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 18

I: Lyme’s disease

C: stages:
1. Eyrthema migrans
2. arthritis, meningitis
3. neurological symptoms, ACA

Question 19

Treponema pallidum

Answer 19

I: Lues (syphilis)

C: Stages:
1. Ulcer on external genitalia
(chancre)
2. Generalized rash, fever
3. Organ manifestations, gumma

Question 20

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 20

I: Pneumonia

C: - Mild fever, cough, headache, malaise
- Pharyngitis with fever, sore throat

Question 21

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 21

I: - Chlamydia
- Conjunctivitis
- Trachoma (chronic eye infection)

C: - Urethritis / cervicitis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Proctitis (LGV strain)

Question 22

Coxiella burnetii

Answer 22

I: Q fever

C: - Fever, chills, headache
- Pneumonia and endocarditis

Question 23

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 23

I: Legionnaire’s disease
Pontiac fever

C: - Fever, myalgia and headache
- Dry cough
- Mortality high among immunocompromised