Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the term Binary fission

A

Binary fission is the process of reproduction, the cell splits into two cells of equal size. The nucleus reproduces itself.

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2
Q

What are the 4 ideal factors for bacteria growth?

A

Food, moisture, warmth, time.

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3
Q

Bacteria cannot grow in what conditions?

A

Acid and alkaline.

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4
Q

If a food is moist, warm and high in protein, what is it classed as?

A

High risk food, put particular care into them when using them.

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5
Q

How can you minimise risk of bacteria? (Give 3 ways)

A

Reduce the length of time it’s in the danger zone, keep the time between buying and storing a short as possible. Eat within use by date. Prep as quickly as possible. Cook high risk foods long enough. If hot food is left for 2 hours, discard it.

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6
Q

What does MAP mean?

A

Modified atmosphere packaging

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7
Q

Which acidic pH level can bacteria not survive in?

A

4.5pH

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8
Q

What is pathogenic bacteria?

A

They cause illness

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9
Q

What is helpful bacteria?

A

Used to make food such as cheese, yogurt

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10
Q

What is spoilage bacteria?

A

Causes food to perish

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11
Q

What is food poisoning defined as?

A

An acute illness (sudden and fairly short), caused by eating food that’s contaminated by microorganisms or poisons

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of food poisoning? (Give 3) but try to remember as many as you can

A

Vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, fever, dehydration

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13
Q

Which groups of people are most vulnerable to food poisoning?

A

Young children, elderly, people with weakened immune system, pregnant woman and infants.

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14
Q

Why are more people getting food poisoning?

A

Increased ready to eat foods, incorrect storage temp, not cooked over 75C for 30 sec, incorrect reheat temp, poor personal hygiene, cross contamination.

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15
Q

What conditions does mould grow?

A

High acidity, 20-30C and food.

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16
Q

Define Dormant.

A

Is not killed but slowed down (sleep)

17
Q

Explain the word spore.

A

A spore is a hard resistant body, they can survive heat and cold, these are spawned from some bacteria. Bacillus are spore forming (from rice). When factors are favourable it can germinate into a new bacteria cell.

18
Q

Define cross contamination?

A

Cross contamination is the process by which bacteria is transferred from one area to another with harmful effect.

19
Q

What are the major causes of cross contamination?

A

Humans, rubbish, pets, other animals, food and raw meat and poultry

20
Q

What is the difference between direct and indirect cross contamination?

A

Direct is where the blood and juices from raw food passes directly onto other foods eg raw meat dripping in a fridge. Indirect is bacteria transferring during handling and preparation eg on hands, dirty equipment, clothes etc.

21
Q

6 ways to prevent food spoilage

A

1) store in appropriate place
2) cover
3)wash soil off of vegetables
4)wash your hands before handling food
5)eat before use by date
6store in vinegar