Bacteria Flashcards
Explain the term Binary fission
Binary fission is the process of reproduction, the cell splits into two cells of equal size. The nucleus reproduces itself.
What are the 4 ideal factors for bacteria growth?
Food, moisture, warmth, time.
Bacteria cannot grow/slow the growth of it in what conditions?
Acid and alkaline. PH below and above 7.
If a food is moist, warm and high in protein, what is it classed as?
High risk food, put particular care into them when using them.
How can you minimise risk of bacteria? (Give 3 ways)
Reduce the length of time it’s in the danger zone, keep the time between buying and storing a short as possible. Eat within use by date. Prep as quickly as possible. Cook high risk foods long enough. If hot food is left for 2 hours, discard it.
What is pathogenic bacteria?
They cause illness
What is helpful bacteria?
Used to make food such as cheese, yogurt
What is spoilage bacteria?
Causes food to perish
What is food poisoning defined as?
An acute illness (sudden and fairly short), caused by eating food that’s contaminated by microorganisms or poisons
What are some symptoms of food poisoning? (Give 3) but try to remember as many as you can
Vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, fever, dehydration
Which groups of people are most vulnerable to food poisoning?
Young children, elderly, people with weakened immune system, pregnant woman and infants.
Why are more people getting food poisoning?
Increased ready to eat foods, incorrect storage temp, not cooked over 75C for 30 sec, incorrect reheat temp, poor personal hygiene, cross contamination.
What conditions does mould grow?
High acidity, 20-30C and food.
Define Dormant.
Is not killed but slowed down (sleep)
Explain the word spore.
A spore is a hard resistant body, they can survive heat and cold, these are spawned from some bacteria. Bacillus are spore forming (from rice). When factors are favourable it can germinate into a new bacteria cell.
Define cross contamination?
Cross contamination is the process by which bacteria is transferred from one area to another with harmful effect.
What are the major causes of cross contamination?
Humans, rubbish, pets, other animals, food and raw meat and poultry
What is the difference between direct and indirect cross contamination?
Direct is where the blood and juices from raw food passes directly onto other foods eg raw meat dripping in a fridge. Indirect is bacteria transferring during handling and preparation eg on hands, dirty equipment, clothes etc.
6 ways to prevent food spoilage
1) store in appropriate place
2) cover
3)wash soil off of vegetables
4)wash your hands before handling food
5)eat before use by date
6store in vinegar
What is the source of campylobacter?
Raw or undercooked meat, particularly raw poultry.
Unpasteurised milk.
Untreated water.
What are the symptoms of campylobacter?
Nausea,
diarrhoea,
vomiting,
abdominal pain,
high fever.
How do you control campylobacter?
Cook meat, especially poultry thoroughly.
Prevent cross contamination.
Don’t wash raw chicken.
Wash pre-packed salads
What is the source of salmonella?
Raw or undercooked poultry or meat,
Eggs.
Unpasteurised milk
Unwashed fruit and veg.
What so the symptoms of salmonella?
Diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain, vomiting.
How do you control salmonella?
Thoroughly cook meat, poultry meat and eggs.
Always wash hands after touching raw meat.
Wash all fruit and veg.
What is the source of listeria?
Unpasteurised milk or cheese.
Ready to eat foods (pre packaged sandwiches)
What is the symptoms of listeria?
Flu like symptoms.
Nausea or vomiting.
Diarrhoea
Can spread to nervous system and cause convulsions.
How do you control listeria?
Avoid cross contamination.
Reheat ready to eat foods until 75C.
Use pasteurised milk and cheese.
What is the danger zone for food
5-63C
What is food spoilage?
When the original nutritional value/texture/flavour of the food is damaged, The food becomes harmful to people and unsuitable to eat.
What are the 4C’s of food hygiene?
Clean, Cook, Chill, Cross contamination
What is natural decay
As soon as a plant is harvested/animal killed, changes take place in the food which causes it to spoil.
What is are the 4 ways of natural decay.
Moisture loss, infestation, low temperature injury, enzymes.
