Bacteria

Question 1

Explain the term Binary fission

Answer 1

Binary fission is the process of reproduction, the cell splits into two cells of equal size. The nucleus reproduces itself.

Question 2

What are the 4 ideal factors for bacteria growth?

Answer 2

Food, moisture, warmth, time.

Question 3

Bacteria cannot grow in what conditions?

Answer 3

Acid and alkaline.

Question 4

If a food is moist, warm and high in protein, what is it classed as?

Answer 4

High risk food, put particular care into them when using them.

Question 5

How can you minimise risk of bacteria? (Give 3 ways)

Answer 5

Reduce the length of time it’s in the danger zone, keep the time between buying and storing a short as possible. Eat within use by date. Prep as quickly as possible. Cook high risk foods long enough. If hot food is left for 2 hours, discard it.

Question 6

What does MAP mean?

Answer 6

Modified atmosphere packaging

Question 7

Which acidic pH level can bacteria not survive in?

Answer 7

4.5pH

Question 8

What is pathogenic bacteria?

Answer 8

They cause illness

Question 9

What is helpful bacteria?

Answer 9

Used to make food such as cheese, yogurt

Question 10

What is spoilage bacteria?

Answer 10

Causes food to perish or not

Question 11

What is food poisoning defined as?

Answer 11

An acute illness (sudden and fairly short), caused by eating food that’s contaminated by microorganisms or poisons

Question 12

What are some symptoms of food poisoning? (Give 3) but try to remember as many as you can

Answer 12

Vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, fever, dehydration

Question 13

Which groups of people are most vulnerable to food poisoning?

Answer 13

Young children, elderly, people with weakened immune system, pregnant woman and infants.

Question 14

Why are more people getting food poisoning?

Answer 14

Increased ready to eat foods, incorrect storage temp, not cooked over 75C for 30 sec, incorrect reheat temp, poor personal hygiene, cross contamination.

Question 15

What conditions does mould grow?

Answer 15

High acidity, 20-30C and food.

Question 16

Define Dormant.

Answer 16

Is not killed but slowed down (sleep)

Question 17

Explain the word spore.

Answer 17

A spore is a hard resistant body, they can survive heat and cold, these are spawned from some bacteria. Bacillus are spore forming (from rice). When factors are favourable it can germinate into a new bacteria cell.

Question 18

Define cross contamination?

Answer 18

Cross contamination is the process by which bacteria is transferred from one area to another with harmful effect.

Question 19

What are the major causes of cross contamination?

Answer 19

Humans, rubbish, pets, other animals, food and raw meat and poultry

Question 20

What is the difference between direct and indirect cross contamination?

Answer 20

Direct is where the blood and juices from raw food passes directly onto other foods eg raw meat dripping in a fridge. Indirect is bacteria transferring during handling and preparation eg on hands, dirty equipment, clothes etc.

Question 21

6 ways to prevent food spoilage

Answer 21

1) store in appropriate place
2) cover
3)wash soil off of vegetables
4)wash your hands before handling food
5)eat before use by date
6store in vinegar