Bacteria Flashcards
What are some common morphology of bacteria?
coccus - spherical
bacillus - rod
spirillum - spiral
pleiomorphic - varied shapes
Eukaryotes are __________ than most Prokarya
larger
What are the advantages to a high surface-volume ratio?
- greater rate of nutrient/waste exchange
- higher metabolism
- faster growth
- faster evolution
Where are very small cells common?
Marine environments
What is the largest part of bacterial cells?
the nucleoid region
How does DNA compress within the nucleoid?
- cations to shield negative charges
- positively charges proteins
- supercoiling
How does bacteria maintain its shape?
Bacterial cytoskeleton
What is MreB?
a protein that is a homolog of actin
What is FtsZ?
a protein that is a homolog of tubulin
Define Cell Envelope
The layers that surround the cytoplasm of cells (membrane, wall, outer membrane)
The cell membrane is a __________ barrier, Not a ____________ barrier
permeability, structural
rigidity in cells can be caused by:
fluidity in cells can be caused by:
saturated fatty acid tails in the membrane.
unsaturated fatty acid tails in the membrane.
How does h2o cross the membrane?
aquaporin protein channels (osmosis)
What is facilitated diffusion?
- materials move through protein channels using concentration gradient
- does NOT use ATP
What is co-transport?
Form of active transport (uses ATP)