Bacte Structure

Question 1

process of heredity and variation, is the starting
point from which all other cellular pathways, functions, and
structures originate.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

which is the most
common macromolecule that encodes genetic informa
tion,

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Question 3

, organisms do not have membrane-bound
organelles, and the cells’ genetic material is therefore
not enclosed in a nucleus

Answer 3

Prokaryotic,
or prenuclear

Question 4

or “true nucleus,”
organisms have the genetic material enclosed in a nuclear
envelope

Answer 4

Eukaryotic

Question 4

the order of bases along a DNA or RNA strand is known as

Answer 4

base sequence.

Question 5

A DNA sequence that encodes a specific product

Answer 5

gene

Question 6

All the genes in an organism comprise
the organisms

Answer 6

genome

Question 7

. Insertion sequences are limited to contain
ing the genes that encode information required for move
ment from one site in the genome to another

Answer 7

Insertion sequences

Question 7

are pieces of DNA that move
from one genetic element to another, from plasmid to
chromosome or vice versa.

Answer 7

Transposable

Question 8

double-stranded, closed, circular,
autonomously replicating extrachromosomal genetic
elements ranging in size from 1 to 2 kilobases up to 1
megabase or more.

Answer 8

plasmid

Question 9

cassettes (grouping of genes) flanked by
insertion sequences

Answer 9

. Composite
transposons ar

Question 10

site of active replication is
referred to as the

Answer 10

replication fork

Question 11

playing a central role

Answer 11

DNA polymerase

Question 12

processing of information encoded
in genetic elements (i.e., chromosomes, plasmids, and
transposons) that results in the production of biochemi
cally functional molecules, including RNA and proteins.

Answer 12

gene expression

Question 13

the DNA base sequence of the gene (i.e., the
genetic code) is converted into an mRNA molecule that
is complementary to the gene’s DNA sequence

Answer 13

Transcription

Question 14

the enzyme central to the transcrip
tion process.

Answer 14

RNA polymerase

Question 15

mRNA molecules that result from the
transcription process

Answer 15

polycistronic

Question 16

are required for
the RNA polymerase to identify the appropriate site on the
DNA template where transcription of mRNA is initiated.

Answer 16

sigma factors

Question 17

When a cluster of
genes is under the control of a single promoter sequence

Answer 17

operon.

Question 18

this process the genetic code
in mRNA molecules is translated into specific amino acid
sequences that are responsible for protein structure and
function

Answer 18

translation

Question 19

The code consists of triplets
of nucleotide bases, referred to as

Answer 19

codons

Question 20

which are compact
nucleoproteins, composed of rRNA and proteins. They
are central to translation, assisting with the couplin

Answer 20

ribosomes

Question 21

begins with the association of ribosomal sub
units, mRNA, formylmethionine (f-met) tRNA (carrying
the initial amino acid of the protein to be synthesized),
and various initiation factors

Answer 21

initiation

Question 22

involves tRNAs and a host of elongation fac
tors that mediate the addition of amino acids in a specific
sequence dictated by the codon on the mRNA molecule

Answer 22

elongation

Question 23

ribosomal A site encounters a stop or non sense codon that
does not specify an amino acid

Answer 23

termination

Question 24

most proteins must undergo
modification, such as folding or enzymatic trimming, so
that protein function, transportation, or incorporation into
various cellular structures can be accomplished.

Answer 24

posttranslational modifications