Background Quiz Flashcards
Goal of Psychoanalytic Theory
To achieve equilibrium between the id and the superego.
Transference-
Countertransference-
The act of a client unknowingly transferring feelings about someone from their past onto the therapist.
The therapist’s reaction to the projections of the client onto the therapist.
Id
Ego
Superego
Wants what it wants (biological component). Will do anything for pleasure.
The mediator.
Rigid conscious, rules and guidelines for person’s world.
Pleasure Principle
The force that drives people to seek immediate gratification and avoiding pain. Dominates the Id.
Interventions of Psychoanalytic Theory
Stages of Development (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital), Levels of Consciousness, Dream Interpretation, Free Association, Abreaction, Transference/Countertransference, Defense Mechanisms.
Ego Defense Mechanisms
Primary vs. Secondary
Relationship to developmental stage
Psychotic vs. Neurotic
Immature vs. Healthy
Jung/Unconscious
Personal Unconscious- History of the individual, can trigger memories.
Collective Unconscious- evolutionary history of the mind (transmitted through cultures and generations) (ex. Fear of the dark). ARCHTYPES.
Contemporary Psychoanalytic theorists + their theories-
Carl Jung- Analytical Psychology
Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan, & Anna Freud- Ego Psychologists
Melanie Klein, John Bowlby- Object Relations Theory
Heinz Kohut- Self Psychology
Goal of Transference in contemporary Psychoanalytical Theory
Clinician uses empathy to rebuild the early selfobject. Techniques such as optimal frustration and optimal responsiveness are used for client to develop an inner self-competence that allows them to deal successfully with frustrations.
Mind In Conflict
Anxiety is caused by conflict of the mind between the id (impulses) and the modifying forces of the ego and the superego.
Ego Psychology, Horney, Human Drives
Focuses on development over the life span, emphasizing on the importance of self-image and relationships.
Challenged Freuds theories towards women.
To cope, people gravitate toward one of the three styles of relating to others:
-Moving toward people
-Moving against people
-Moving away from people
Object Relation Theorists
Melanie Klein- The importance of early relationships
John Bowlby- Attachment Theory (Secure, Anxious/avoidant, Anxious/resistant, Disorganize/Disoriented
Object Relations emphasis
Our internal relationships with others (people or things)-mother. Rather than biological drives.
Difference between Adler and Freud’s views:
Freud- Primary motivation was sexual pleasure. Biology.
Adler- Primary motivation was self-perfection. We can control our outcome.
Adler’s Ideas on behavior:
All human behavior is goal oriented and motives by striving for superiority.
Adler’s ideas on human nature:
Emphasized the positive attitude of human nature and the power to control one’s destiny, rather than being a victim to biology.
Inferiority
Superiority
Complex of feeling of weakness, hiding true motives like aspiring for power.
Complex of exaggerated sense of self-worth, hiding real feelings of mediocrity.
Both complexes are tied together.
Adler’s life tasks-
For all people, there are 3 basic life tasks: Work, friendship, and love/intimacy.
Adler’s “Lifestyle”
- Person’s subjective worldview
- Goals
- Behavioral strategies to achieve goals
- Outcomes/consequences of those behaviors
Life style can be assessed by exploration of these four areas through an inventory. (Sibling relationships, physical development, school experiences, meanings given to life, parental influences, etc.)
Assessment- Adler
Family constellation and birth order
Dreams
Early recollections
Ways of behaving
Birth Order
Oldest- Intelligent & Achieving
Second- Pressure to compete gravitating toward the weakness of oldest child.
Middle- Have difficulty finding ways to be special and feel neglected.
Youngest- Pampered, strive to be at the top, discouraged from competing (empathetic & sociable)
Only- Common with first-born, pampered, learn to socialize well with adults.
