Actions Quiz Flashcards
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)
Derived from B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning- Looks at environmental events and focuses on measurable, observable behavior.
Neo-behaviorism
Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning & Stimulus Response (S-R) theories- Focuses on conditioning or learning responses.
Social Learning Theory
Based on Albert Bandura- seeks to understand the interaction of cognitive, behavioral, and environmental actions in shaping behavior. Self-efficacy is enhanced and learned helplessness is decreased.
Direct experience and modeling can elicit both positive and negative behaviors. Further, one’s behavior can also influence the environment- thus creating the human experience
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Ellis & Beck- how cognitions shape behaviors and emotions. Treatment uses cognitive and behavioral strategies.
Multimodal Therapy
Lazarus- integrates strategies into a holistic systematic approach.
Classical Conditioning
Invented by Ivan Pavlov and the dog experiment.
If unconditioned stimulus (UC-meat paste) is presented with a conditioned stimulus (CS-sound of fork) a response could be elicited only by the conditioned stimulus (fork) . AKA the dogs learned to associate the sound with the meat.
Operant Conditioning
Invented by B.F. Skinner.
Positive Reinforcement- A behavior that has an increased probability of being repeated after a “reward” is presented. (A parent’s clapping)
Adversities Stimulus- an unpleasant stimulus that decreases the probability of a behavior occurring again. (Spanking)
Negative Reinforcement- Removal of already active aversive stimulus, increasing probability of behavior occurring again.
B.F. Skinner
Invented operant conditioning and the schedules of reinforcement.
Used rewards to shape behavior in pigeons.
Strict behaviorist who believed that the scientific approach was the ONLY way to study mental processes.
John Watson
Invented stimulus generalization.
Proposed the concept of “behaviorism”.
Demonstrated that an (UC) could be paired with (CS) to elicit a (CR).
Little Albert experiment.
Albert Bandura
Applied both principles of classical and operant conditioning to social learning.
Behavioral intervention: ACTING AS IF
When confronting a challenging situation, people can “act as if” they are someone whom they view as capable of handling the situation effectively.
Behavioral Intervention: ACTIVITY SCHEDULING
Planning activities that are rewarding and providing a sense of accomplishment
Behavioral Intervention: AVERSION THERAPY
Linking undesirable behaviors with negative experiences to motivate change.
Behavioral Interventions: BEHAVIORAL REHEARSAL
Practicing the challenging task within role-play with a therapist or friend.
Behavioral Interventions: BIOFEEDBACK
Using instruments to monitor bodily functions such as heart rate, sweat, skin temp, and pulse rate to give feedback. This promotes reduction in tension or anxiety and increase relaxation.
Behavioral Interventions: CONTRACTING
Establishing a clear agreement between client and clinician about the goals of treatment and the roles of both participants.
Behavioral Interventions: DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING
Focusing on taking slow deep breaths to help self-control and mindfulness.
Behavioral Interventions: EXPOSURE
Repeated contact with a feared or avoided stimulus to result in adaptation.
Behavioral Interventions: EXPRESSIVE & CREATIVE ACTIVITIES
Art therapy, dance therapy, music therapy, self-expressing arts. Help people become more aware of their emotions.
Behavioral Interventions: Extinction
Withdrawing the payoff of an undesirable behavior in hopes of reducing or eliminating it. (Telling parents to pay attention to positive behavior instead of the negative in hopes that the negative behavior tapers off).
Behavioral Interventions: FLOODING
High-risk intervention.
Exposed to high dosages of the feared stimulus in the expectation that it will desensitize them from it.
Should rarely be used.
Behavioral Interventions: MODELING
Help improve performance. Examples-
Clinicians
Others- (watching people do public speaking)
Imaginal modeling- (describing a situation for the client to visualize)
Symbolic- books or movies
Self-making audio or video recording of themselves engaged in the desired behavior
Behavioral Interventions: REASONABLE (NATURAL) CONSEQUENCES
The logical and usually unpleasant outcomes of undesirable behavior. (Kids not getting to watch tv after dinner because they didn’t pick up their toys).
Behavioral Interventions: REINFORCEMENTS
Rewards that encourage behavior changes. Should be carefully selected and planned.
