BACKGROUND OF ART

Question 1

It means Old Stone Age is a term used to define the oldest period in human history.

Answer 1

Paleolithic

Question 2

It began about two million years ago, with the use of the first stone tools. Minerals and plants were used to make colors for the paintings seen in caves.

Answer 2

Paleolithic (prehistoric art)

Question 3

It is the period of middle stone age, from about 10,000 - 5,000BC. This is a period when humans developed new techniques of stone working.

Answer 3

Mesolithic

Question 4

It also referred to as the New Stone Age. It began when man first developed agriculture and settled in permanent villages. It ended with the discovery of bronze. The prime medium for this period was pottery. Megalithic monuments also arose in this period.

Answer 4

Neolithic

Question 5

It is between approximately 5000 BC and 300 AD, “advanced” civilizations (generally, those with written language) thrived in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Sumeria, Akkadia, Mexico, Rome, Japan, China, and India.

Art played an important role in these growing societies by providing a means to enforce religious and political order.

It includes symbolic imagery alongside text (hieroglyphs) that tells stories and exalts rulers, gods, and goddesses.

Answer 5

Ancient Art

Question 6

is considered by some to be the foundation of all of art history.

Answer 6

Ancient art

Question 7

There were many unique genres of art, such as Crusade art or animal style.

The art of this period can be considered relatively “dark” as well. Some depicted rather grotesque or otherwise brutal scenes while others were focused on formalized religion. Yet, the majority are not what we would call cheery.

It also saw the rise of the “illuminated manuscript” and eventually the Gothic and Romanesque styles of art and architecture.

Dark ages

Answer 7

Medieval Art

Question 8

This period has been characterized by explosion of creative genius.

Painting especially reached its peak of technical competence, rich artistic imagination and heroic composition.

The main characteristics of paintings are harmony and balance in construction.

was a form of art that removed the extraneous detail and showed the world as is was.

Humanism

Answer 8

Renaissance

Question 9

The Creation of Adam
The Last Supper
Mona Lisa
The Last Judgment
Assumption of the Virgin

Answer 9

Renaissance

Question 10

It used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music.

It was a reflection of the profound political and cultural changes then emerging across Europe.

Answer 10

Baroque

Question 11

It is characterized by great drama, rich color, and intense light and dark shadows.

It was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance.

Answer 11

Baroque

Question 12

It is characterized by elaborate ornamentation, asymmetrical values, pastel color palette, and curved or serpentine lines.

It is often depict themes of love, classical myths, youth, and playfulness.

Answer 12

Rococo

Question 13

It is characterized by pastel colors, gracefully delicate curving forms, fanciful figures, and a light-hearted mood.

It is characterized by lightness, elegance, and an exuberant use of curving natural forms in ornamentation.

In general was characterized by easygoing, light-hearted treatments of mythological and courtship themes, rich and delicate brushwork, a relatively light tonal key, and sensuous coloring.

Answer 13

Rococo

Question 14

Pilgrimage to Cythera by Antoine Watteau
Blond Odalisque by Francois Boucher
Pygmalion and Galatee by Etienne-Maurice Falconet

Answer 14

Rococo

Question 15

is considered to be the first great Rococo painter who influenced later Rococo masters such as Boucher and Fragonard.

Answer 15

Antoine Watteau

Question 16

It is characterized by the use of straight lines, a smooth paint surface, and the depiction of light, a minimal use of color, and the clear, crisp definition of forms.

Its subject matter usually relates to either Greco-Roman history or other cultural attributes, such as allegory and virtue.

The softness of paint application and light-hearted and “frivolous” subject matter that characterize Rococo painting is recognized as the opposite of this.

Typically, the subject matter of this painting consisted of the depiction of events from history, mythological scenes, and the architecture and ruins of ancient Rome.

Answer 16

NEOCLASSICISM

Question 17

The works of ______are usually hailed as the epitome of Neoclassical painting.

Answer 17

Jacques-Louis David

Question 18

It can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular.

It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general.

It emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.

Answer 18

Romanticism

Question 19

arose in opposition to Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the late 18th century.

Answer 19

REALISM

Question 20

often depicted common laborers, and ordinary people in ordinary surroundings engaged in real activities as subjects for their works.

Answer 20

REALISM

Question 21

He is known as the main proponent of Realism and his paintings challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects.

Answer 21

Gustave Courbet

Question 22

It is a 19th century movement known for its paintings that aimed to depict the transience of light, and to capture scenes of modern life and the natural world in their ever-shifting conditions.

Answer 22

IMPRESSIONISM

Question 23

They typically painted scenes of modern life and often painted outdoors.

Typically, they portrayed overall visual effects instead of details, and used short, “broken” brush strokes of mixed and unmixed color to achieve an effect of intense color vibration.

It captured ordinary subjects, engaged in day to day activities in both rural and urban settings.

These artists relaxed the boundary between subject and background so that the effect of an impressionist painting often resembles a snapshot, a part of a larger reality captured as if by chance.

The development of this can be considered partly as a reaction by artists to the challenge presented by photography

Answer 23

IMPRESSIONISM

Question 24

The term ____ is derived from the title of Claude Monet’s painting, Impression, soleil levant (“Impression, Sunrise”).

Answer 24

IMPRESSIONISM

Question 25

It used pure, brilliant colour aggressively applied straight from the paint tubes to create a sense of an explosion on the canvas.

It is painted directly from nature, as the Impressionists had before them, but the artists in this period were invested with a strong expressive reaction to the subjects portrayed.

It were interested in the scientific colour theories developed in the nineteenth century – particularly those relating to complementary colors.

Answer 25

FAUVISM

Question 26

It is characterized by strong colors and fierce brushwork.

Answer 26

FAUVISM

Question 27

founded fauvism

Answer 27

Henri Matisse and André Derain

Question 28

The colour in particular can be highly intense and non-naturalistic, brushwork is typically free and paint application tends to be generous and highly textured.

Tends to be emotional and sometimes mystical. It can be seen as an extension of Romanticism.

Answer 28

EXPRESSIONISM

Question 29

It is not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse within a person.

The artist accomplishes this aim through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements.

Answer 29

EXPRESSIONISM

Question 30

refers to art in which the image of reality is distorted in order to make it expressive of the artist’s inner feelings or ideas

Answer 30

EXPRESSIONISM

Question 31

Edvard Munch: The Scream

Answer 31

EXPRESSIONISM

Question 32

It was the first abstract art style.

It abandoned the tradition of perspective drawing and displayed many views of a subject at one time.

was an attempt by artists to revitalize the tired traditions of Western art which they believed had run their course.

Answer 32

CUBISM

Question 33

It emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modelling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honored theories that art should imitate nature.

were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space. Instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects

Answer 33

CUBISM

Question 34

Cubism was a truly revolutionary style of modern art developed by

Answer 34

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braques

Question 35

It aimed to revolutionize human experience, rejecting a rational vision of life in favor of one that asserted the value of the unconscious and dreams.

It used automatic drawing or writing to unlock ideas and images from their unconscious minds, and others sought to depict dream worlds or hidden psychological tensions.

Answer 35

SURREALISM

Question 36

It has an image of being rebellious, anarchic, highly idiosyncratic, and nihilistic.

Answer 36

Abstract Expressionism

Question 37

It is employed familiar mass culture imagery from advertisements to other banal objects, wrapping it into sensational and bold colour combinations.

Answer 37

pop art

Question 38

is probably the first major pop art icon to become the influential figure in the fashion world.

Answer 38

Andy Warhol

Question 39

It is optically distorted geometric patterns in black and white produced a whole range of movements on a surface.

It is primarily two-dimensional mostly black and white patterns which optically distort and give the illusion of movement.

Answer 39

OP ART

Question 40

are made into their minimal and simple forms (no more than multiples of colors) without modifications.

Answer 40

MINIMALISM

Question 41

It refers to the sensuality of ideas rather than making it emotively.

Idealistic

Sophisticated

Use of more photos as an art form

Answer 41

CONCEPTUAL ART

Question 42

It refers to recently produced visual art.

It includes modern architecture, digital imaging, new age video and music, etc.

It’s quite possible that a work of ____art will never find a meaningful place in the history of art.

Answer 42

Contemporary