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Tropical Botany > Background > Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylum

A

largest taxonomic ranking ending: phyta

example: magnoliaphyta

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2
Q

Order

A

second largest taxonomic ranking
below phylum
ending: ales
example: Malvales

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3
Q

Family *

A

third largest taxonomic ranking
below order
ending: aceae
example: malceae

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4
Q

Subfamily

A

4th largest taxonmoic ranking
below family
ending: -oideae
example: Byttnerioideae

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5
Q

Tribe

A

5th largest taxonomic ranking
below subfamily
ending: -eae
example: Theobromateae

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6
Q

Genus (gen.)

A

6th largest taxonomic ranking
below tribe
example: Theobroma

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7
Q

Species

A

7th largest taxonomic ranking
below genus
example: Theobroma cacao

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8
Q

Subspecies

A

8th largest taxonomic ranking
below species
example: Theobroma cacao subsp. sphaerocarpum

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9
Q

Variety

A

9th largest taxonomic ranking
below subspecies
example: Theobroma cacao var. criollo

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10
Q

Cultivar

A

Last taxonomic ranking (on the market)

example: Theobroma cacao ʻCriolloʼ

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11
Q

Hybrids

A

plants that are a result of cross pollination from different varities
denoted with a ‘x’
example: Citrus ×paradisi (grapefruit) (result of pomelo and sweet orange)

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12
Q

phylogenetics

A

study of evolutionary relationships among biological identities

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13
Q

Theos

A

god

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14
Q

Broma

A

food

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15
Q

Grandis

A

large

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16
Q

Flos

A

flower

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17
Q

Petioles (stipules)

A

stalk that attached the leaf blade to the stem

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18
Q

Epetiolate (sessile)

A

without petioles

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19
Q

Pedicel

A

It is the branches or stalks that hold each flower in an inflorescence that contains more than one flower.

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20
Q

Inflorescence

A

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.

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21
Q

Panicle

A

a loose branching cluster of flowers

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22
Q

Infructescence

A

ensemble of fruits derived from ovaries of an infloresence

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23
Q

Internode

A

the part of the stem between two nodes

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24
Q

Node

A

a point of attachment of a leaf or a twig on the stem in seed plants. A node is a very small growth zone.

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25
Rhizome
a mass of roots
26
Bud
a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot
27
Stigma
on top of the style
28
Anther
part of the stamen that contains pollen
29
Filament
the part of the flower that produces pollen
30
Petal
modified leaves that protect the reproductive parts of a flower
31
Superior Ovary
an ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts
32
Inferior Ovary
An inferior ovary lies below the attachment of other floral parts
33
Sepal
Sepals are one of the four basic parts of a flower. They are found below the petals. The sepals are often small and green
34
Nectary
a nectar-secreting glandular organ in a flower
35
Receptacle
the thickened part of a stem (pedicel) from which the flower organs grow
36
Schizocarpic
A schizocarp is a dry fruit that, when mature, splits up into mericarps
37
Fleshy Fruits
fruits derived from a single flower (strawberry)
38
Dehiscent fruit
dehiscent if the pericarp splits open at maturity and releases the seeds
39
Indehiscent Fruit
the pericarp remains intact when the fruit is shed from the plant.
40
Pericarp
the part of a fruit formed from the wall of the ripened ovary: makes up the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp
41
Endocarp
the innermost layer of the pericarp which surrounds a seed in a fruit. It may be membranous (as in apples) or woody (as in the stone of a peach or cherry).
42
Mesocarp
the middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit, between the endocarp and the exocarp: responsible for color of the fruit
43
Exocarp
the outer layer of the pericarp of a fruit
44
Carpel
the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a stigma, and usually a style. It may occur singly or as one of a group
45
Stamen
The stamen is a male reproductive organ of a flower. It produces the pollen. The stamen has two parts: anther and and the filament (also called the stalk)
46
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers, which are nothing but the reproductive machinery of the plant.
47
Accessory Fruit
An accessory fruit is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel. (strawberry, pineapple, fig)
48
Dry Fruits
Fruits in which the coat becomes dry at maturity (appear hard in texture)
49
Legume
A dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1 carpel and at maturity splitting along both the dorsal and ventral sutures. (beans, peas).
50
Palmate
having five or more lobes whose midribs all radiate from one point.
51
Whorl
In botany, a whorl or verticil is an arrangement of sepals, petals, leaves, stipules or branches that radiate from a single point and surround or wrap around the stem
52
Trimerous (3-merous)
Having three similar segments or parts. In botany having flower parts, such as petals, sepals, and stamens, in sets of three.
53
Pentamerous
(Botany) consisting of five parts, esp (of flowers) having the petals, sepals, and other parts arranged in groups of five
54
Costapalmate
A costapalmate leaf has a definte costa (midrib) unlike the typical palmate leaf, but the leaflets are arranged radially like in a palmate leaf.
55
Ammophilous
flowers with no oder no flashy colors and wind-pollinated
56
Entomophilous
oder, flashy colors, nectar, heat generation all to attract pollinators
57
Chirocterophilous
bat pollinated, specific characteristics designed to attract bats, smells like garlic
58
Drupe
In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. Usually develops from a single carpel
59
Mid rib
The central and usually most prominent vein of a leaf or leaf-like organ.
60
Bract
a modified leaf or scale, typically small, with a flower or flower cluster in its axil. Bracts are sometimes larger and more brightly colored than the true flower, as in poinsettia
61
Axil
The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.
62
bracteate
has bracts
63
bracteole
A small bract singly or in pairs on the pedicel or calyx. Also called a bractlet.
64
bracteolete
Possessing bracteoles (bractlets).
65
Pinnate
having leaflets arranged on either side of the stem, typically in pairs opposite each other

Tropical Botany (2 decks)

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