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Tropical Botany > Background > Flashcards

Background Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum

A

largest taxonomic ranking ending: phyta

example: magnoliaphyta

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2
Q

Order

A

second largest taxonomic ranking
below phylum
ending: ales
example: Malvales

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3
Q

Family *

A

third largest taxonomic ranking
below order
ending: aceae
example: malceae

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4
Q

Subfamily

A

4th largest taxonmoic ranking
below family
ending: -oideae
example: Byttnerioideae

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5
Q

Tribe

A

5th largest taxonomic ranking
below subfamily
ending: -eae
example: Theobromateae

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6
Q

Genus (gen.)

A

6th largest taxonomic ranking
below tribe
example: Theobroma

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7
Q

Species

A

7th largest taxonomic ranking
below genus
example: Theobroma cacao

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8
Q

Subspecies

A

8th largest taxonomic ranking
below species
example: Theobroma cacao subsp. sphaerocarpum

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9
Q

Variety

A

9th largest taxonomic ranking
below subspecies
example: Theobroma cacao var. criollo

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10
Q

Cultivar

A

Last taxonomic ranking (on the market)

example: Theobroma cacao ʻCriolloʼ

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11
Q

Hybrids

A

plants that are a result of cross pollination from different varities
denoted with a ‘x’
example: Citrus ×paradisi (grapefruit) (result of pomelo and sweet orange)

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12
Q

phylogenetics

A

study of evolutionary relationships among biological identities

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13
Q

Theos

A

god

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14
Q

Broma

A

food

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15
Q

Grandis

A

large

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16
Q

Flos

A

flower

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17
Q

Petioles (stipules)

A

stalk that attached the leaf blade to the stem

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18
Q

Epetiolate (sessile)

A

without petioles

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19
Q

Pedicel

A

It is the branches or stalks that hold each flower in an inflorescence that contains more than one flower.

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20
Q

Inflorescence

A

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.

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21
Q

Panicle

A

a loose branching cluster of flowers

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22
Q

Infructescence

A

ensemble of fruits derived from ovaries of an infloresence

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23
Q

Internode

A

the part of the stem between two nodes

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24
Q

Node

A

a point of attachment of a leaf or a twig on the stem in seed plants. A node is a very small growth zone.

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25
Q

Rhizome

A

a mass of roots

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26
Q

Bud

A

a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot

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27
Q

Stigma

A

on top of the style

28
Q

Anther

A

part of the stamen that contains pollen

29
Q

Filament

A

the part of the flower that produces pollen

30
Q

Petal

A

modified leaves that protect the reproductive parts of a flower

31
Q

Superior Ovary

A

an ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts

32
Q

Inferior Ovary

A

An inferior ovary lies below the attachment of other floral parts

33
Q

Sepal

A

Sepals are one of the four basic parts of a flower. They are found below the petals. The sepals are often small and green

34
Q

Nectary

A

a nectar-secreting glandular organ in a flower

35
Q

Receptacle

A

the thickened part of a stem (pedicel) from which the flower organs grow

36
Q

Schizocarpic

A

A schizocarp is a dry fruit that, when mature, splits up into mericarps

37
Q

Fleshy Fruits

A

fruits derived from a single flower (strawberry)

38
Q

Dehiscent fruit

A

dehiscent if the pericarp splits open at maturity and releases the seeds

39
Q

Indehiscent Fruit

A

the pericarp remains intact when the fruit is shed from the plant.

40
Q

Pericarp

A

the part of a fruit formed from the wall of the ripened ovary: makes up the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp

41
Q

Endocarp

A

the innermost layer of the pericarp which surrounds a seed in a fruit. It may be membranous (as in apples) or woody (as in the stone of a peach or cherry).

42
Q

Mesocarp

A

the middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit, between the endocarp and the exocarp: responsible for color of the fruit

43
Q

Exocarp

A

the outer layer of the pericarp of a fruit

44
Q

Carpel

A

the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a stigma, and usually a style. It may occur singly or as one of a group

45
Q

Stamen

A

The stamen is a male reproductive organ of a flower. It produces the pollen. The stamen has two parts: anther and and the filament (also called the stalk)

46
Q

Angiosperms

A

Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers, which are nothing but the reproductive machinery of the plant.

47
Q

Accessory Fruit

A

An accessory fruit is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel. (strawberry, pineapple, fig)

48
Q

Dry Fruits

A

Fruits in which the coat becomes dry at maturity (appear hard in texture)

49
Q

Legume

A

A dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1 carpel and at maturity splitting along both the dorsal and ventral sutures. (beans, peas).

50
Q

Palmate

A

having five or more lobes whose midribs all radiate from one point.

51
Q

Whorl

A

In botany, a whorl or verticil is an arrangement of sepals, petals, leaves, stipules or branches that radiate from a single point and surround or wrap around the stem

52
Q

Trimerous (3-merous)

A

Having three similar segments or parts. In botany having flower parts, such as petals, sepals, and stamens, in sets of three.

53
Q

Pentamerous

A

(Botany) consisting of five parts, esp (of flowers) having the petals, sepals, and other parts arranged in groups of five

54
Q

Costapalmate

A

A costapalmate leaf has a definte costa (midrib) unlike the typical palmate leaf, but the leaflets are arranged radially like in a palmate leaf.

55
Q

Ammophilous

A

flowers with no oder no flashy colors and wind-pollinated

56
Q

Entomophilous

A

oder, flashy colors, nectar, heat generation all to attract pollinators

57
Q

Chirocterophilous

A

bat pollinated, specific characteristics designed to attract bats, smells like garlic

58
Q

Drupe

A

In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. Usually develops from a single carpel

59
Q

Mid rib

A

The central and usually most prominent vein of a leaf or leaf-like organ.

60
Q

Bract

A

a modified leaf or scale, typically small, with a flower or flower cluster in its axil. Bracts are sometimes larger and more brightly colored than the true flower, as in poinsettia

61
Q

Axil

A

The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.

62
Q

bracteate

A

has bracts

63
Q

bracteole

A

A small bract singly or in pairs on the pedicel or calyx. Also called a bractlet.

64
Q

bracteolete

A

Possessing bracteoles (bractlets).

65
Q

Pinnate

A

having leaflets arranged on either side of the stem, typically in pairs opposite each other

Tropical Botany (2 decks)

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