Background

Question 1

Europe after WWII

Answer 1

NOT FUCKING GOOD

Massive destruction, refugees, millions homeless, massive famine, transportation and economies decimated, millions dead, orphans, POWs

Question 2

German Question

Answer 2

What do we do with Germany so this never happens again?
Schuman Plan to integrate coal and steel. Hard to go to war without both and forces cooperation.

Question 3

Konrad Adenauer

Answer 3

First German Chancellor after WWII. Called for:
1. An end to occupation
2. Integration with West
3. Reunify

Question 4

Charles De Gaulle

Answer 4

President of France 1959-1969. Very opposed one large supranational European entity idea. Wanted intergovernmental cooperation between sovereign states instead. Championed nation state and often tries to block integration.

Question 5

Italy 1946 election

Answer 5

Communists vs Christian democrats. USA hated the idea of Communists taking control so they intervened politically. Christian democrats won

Question 6

Marshall Plan

Answer 6

Shitloads of money sent from USA to Europe to rebuild.

Question 7

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

Answer 7

An institution to integrate coal and steel industries of Benelux countries and Germany under one central authority. Composed of
1. High authority (Executive body)
2. Court of Justice (Judicial body)
3. Council of Ministers (Legislative body)
4. Common assembly (No power, advisory)

Question 8

Jean Monnet

Answer 8

Proposed ECSC. “Father of Europe”. Advocate of functionalism.

Question 9

Altiero Spinelli

Answer 9

Wrote “Ventotene Manifesto” a vision of Europe as one federal entity with one military to avoid backsliding and unify Europe.

Question 10

Churchill’s speech in Zurich 1946

Answer 10

Called for a United States of Europe. NOT a federal state but a collection of sovereign states.

Question 11

Congress of Europe 1948

Answer 11

Deliberate the future of Europe, agreed on unity in some form, wanted administrative bodies to keep people in line. Federalists vs Confederates

Question 12

European Defense Community (EDC)

Answer 12

Idea to give Europe a common defense institution. Doesn’t Pass

Question 13

European Political Community (EPC)

Answer 13

Shared Political institution that had shared monetary and foreign policy. Doesn’t Pass

Question 14

Messina Conference 1955

Answer 14

Conference of the Six and Britain to establish a common market. Later Britain drops out

Question 15

Rome Treaties 1957

Answer 15

Creates EEC and EAEC

Question 16

European Economic Community (EEC)

Answer 16

An economic institution that lays foundation for a closer union and forms the European Common Market. Institution based in Brussels and structure similar to ECSC. Does introduce qualified majority voting(QMV) rather than unanimity.

Question 17

Neofunctionalism

Answer 17

The idea that European integration will keep driving forward on its own. Spillover across economic sectors and into politics will create demand for more integration.

Question 18

Fouchet Plan

Answer 18

Establish a union of states based on intergovernmental cooperation. Create a council of heads of state that would meet 3 times a year. Some opposed because France would be too powerful

Question 19

Empty Chair Policy

Answer 19

In 1965 De Gaulle pulled French representatives from the Council of Ministers in the European commission for financing the common agriculture policy. This stopped

Question 20

Luxembourg Compromise

Answer 20

In response to the empty chair crisis, in 1966 all states were given veto power over any resolution of the EC if their vital national interests were at stake. No longer QMV

Question 21

UK joins EC 1973

Answer 21

UK was reluctant to join but did anyway because they didn’t want to be left behind.

Question 22

Intergovernmentalism

Answer 22

Power concentrated in the member states not institutions. States control the speed and extent of integration.

Question 23

Supranationalism

Answer 23

Power held by independent actors and institutions. Institutions control speed and extent of integration

Question 24

Low vs High Politics

Answer 24

Low politics are possible to integrate: things like economy, vital national interests are not at stake
High politics are more difficult:
Things like military, vital national interests of a state are at stake

Question 25

European Common Market

Answer 25

Came before single market. No customs union or quotas. removed obstacles to trade and competition.

Question 26

European Single Market

Answer 26

Upgrade of the Common market. Had a customs union. Allowed free movement of goods, labor, services, and capitol. Common product regulation.

Question 27

Jacques Delors

Answer 27

1985-1995 Finance minister. architect of single market and Euro. Took advantage of MS preferences for negative integration (removing barriers rather than creating new regulation). Tied single market to QMV and strengthens the commission

Question 28

Russian Dolls Strategy

Answer 28

Little integration talk about the single market and it doesn’t step on any toes. Actually was an ambitious integration program that increased the commission’s power and was the basis for the SEA

Question 29

Single European Act (SEA)

Answer 29

Put in place in 1987. A complex bargain meant to make decision-making more efficient, create the single market, and more economic and social cohesion. Expands the scope of EC to foreign policy, research, tech, and environment

Question 30

Maastricht Treaty 1993

Answer 30

Creates the EU. Sets rules for Integrating and Enlargement of European Communities. Creates common security and foreign policy. Sets rules for Justice and Home Affairs(JHA)

Question 31

Amsterdam Treaty 1999

Answer 31

Scope of QMV expanded. Little changed big questions are postponed

Question 32

Nice Treaty 2001-2003

Answer 32

Big failure. Didn’t change much. Clarified what EU and member states have control over. Didn’t solve big issues

Question 33

Constitutional Treaty mid 2000s

Answer 33

Fixes Nice and Amsterdam. Don’t have a typical conference. They were forced to compromise.

Question 34

Lisbon Treaty 2007-2009

Answer 34

The current treaty in force. Broke the impasse. Reevaluates QMV. Restructures EU. New foreign policy. Big problems resolved for now