Back, Pectoral Region, Deltoid and Scapular region, The Axilla, & Brachial Plexus Flashcards
Every vertebrae has a vertebral body except which one?
C1
What are vertebral lamina?
arches between transverse processes and spinous processes
What are pedicles?
arches between the body and transverse process
How many cervical vertebrae have transverse foramina?
7
the cervical spinous process are bifid meaning…?
forked
C2 has a den called the what? This articulates with the anterior facet of C1
odontoid process
Which cervical vertebrae has a longer spinous process like a thoracic vertebrae
C7
All 12 thoracic vertebrae have which detail that make them stand out?
costal facets
Which vertebrae body is heart shaped?
thoracic
which vertebral foramen is rounded?
thoracic
All 5 lumbar vertebrae lack what?
costal facets and transverse foramina
what vertebral foramen is triangular?
lumbar
in adults, what happens to the sacral vertebrae by the age of 25-30?
they fuse together
the sacrum curves anteriorly and the curvature is more pronounced in males of females?
males
Which curvatures are normal in the body and present at birth?
thoracic/sacral
Where does the ligament nuchal attach?
the superior nuchal line of occipital bone to C7 spinous process
Where does the supraspinatus ligament attach?
attaches to the tips of the adjacent spinous processes of the C7 to the sacrum, continuous with the ligament nuchae
Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament attach?
To the anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies from the occipital bone to the sacrum
What movement does the anterior longitudinal ligament prevent?
anterior movement out of alignment
The anterior longitudinal ligament is wider ___ and thinner in the ___ region.
wider in the lumbar region, and thinner in the cervical region
Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament attach?
the posterior surface of vertebral bodies from the occipital bone to the sacrum.
Which is bigger? the PLL or ALL?
ALL
Is the posterior longitudinal ligament wider in the cervical area or the lumbar area?
cervical
Where does the ligament flavor attach?
to the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
Which is the strongest ligament of the vertebral column?
ligamentum flavum
The spinal cord extends to what vertebral level in adults?
L2
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
Dorsal rami supply what?
deep back muscles and the skin of the back
What is the OINA of the rhomboids?
T1-6 spinous process
medial (vertebral) border of scapula
dorsoscapular
retracts (adducts) scapula
What is the OINA of the Levator scapulae?
C1-4 transverse processes
superior angle of scapula
dorsoscapular
elevate and inferiorly rotate scapula
Where do the serrates posterior superior and inferior originate and insert?
spinous processes and ribs
what nerves supply the serrates posterior superior and inferior?
intercostal nerves
What is the function of the deep back muscles?
adjust the vertebral column head and neck
What are the erector spinae muscles?
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis
Where do the erector spinae muscles originate?
sacrum and iliac crest
where does iliocostalis insert?
the ribs
Where does Longissimus insert?
transverse processes and mastoid process of temporal bone
Where does spinalis insert?
spinous processes
deep back muscles are supplied by ___ rami
dorsal
superficial back muscles are supplied by ___ rami
ventral
which erector spinae muscle also rotates the head along with extending and straightening
Longissimus
What are the transversospinales muscles
they are deep to the erector spinae muscles and include the semispinales, multifundus, and rotatores
Where do all of the transversospinales muscles originate?
spinous processes (multifundus also in the sacrum)
where do all of the transversospinalis muscles insert?
transverse processes
what nerve supplies the transversospinalis muscles?
dorsal rami
what action do the transversospinalis muscles do?
extend, rotate, and stabilize the vertebral column
Where do the interspinales muscles originate and insert?
Between adjacent spinous processes on either side of the process
What nerve supplies the interspinales?
Dorsal rami
Where do the intertransversarii muscles originate and insert?
Dorsal rami
What nerve provides the intertransversarii muscles?
Dorsal rami
Splenius capitis origin and insertion
C7-T3
Mastoid process
Splenius cervicis insertion and origin
T3-T6
Upper cervical transverse processes
What nerve supplies the splenius muscles?
Dorsal rami
Where is the sternal angle?
T4-T5 between manubrium and sternum
What are the muscles of the anterior thoracic wall from superficial to deep?
External Intercostals
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals
Transverse thoracis
VAN from ____ to ____
Superior to inferior
Posterior intercostals empty into the azugos & hemiazygos viens on the what?
Posterior thoracic wall
How many anterior intercostal spaces are supplied by anterior intercostal arteries branching?
Two
What is the OINA of the pectoralis muscle?
O: Medial clavicle, sternum, underlying ribs
I: Inter tubular groove, same as latissimus
N: Med & lateral pectoral nn of brachial plexus
A: Clavicular head flexes humerus, sternal head adducts and medically rotates humerus
Pectoralis Minor OINA
O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid of scapula
N: lateral pectoral
A: depresses scapula; holds scapula against posterior thoracic wall to stabilize during UE movements
Serratus anterior OINA
O: angle of ribs 1-8
I: passes deep to scapula and inserts to medial border of scapula
N: long thoracic of brachial plexus
A: protracts/ abducts scapula
Which two muscles of the rotator cuff inserts on the less tubercle of the humerus?
Subscapularis
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Do the 3 posterior muscles insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus?
Yes
Which way does the anterior muscle of the rotator cuff rotate the shoulder?
Medially
What is the quadrangular space?
Between the humeral shaft and the long head of the triceps brachii and between the teres minor and major
What does the quadrangular space contain?
Axillary branches (supplies deltoid) and post humeral circumflex
What is the triangular space?
Inferior to teres major, between the long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii
Navy passes under the bridge, Army passes over the bridge
Suprascapular nerve passes under the ligament and the suprascapular artery passes over the bridge
What is the Axilla?
The underarm, or armpit, a pyramidal region containing important nerves and vessels
What makes up the medial wall, the anterior axillary fold, and the posterior axillary fold?
Ribs and serratus anterior, pec major, latissimus dorsi
The brachial plexus is formed by
Ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1
Cords of the brachial plexus wrap around the
Axillary artery
From lateral to medial, what are the M legs
Musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar
What are the posterior cord branches
Radial, axillary, and upper, lower, and middle, (thoracodorsal) subscapular nn
What are the lateral cord branches of the brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous, lateral pectoral, and median nn
What are the medial cord branches of the brachial plexus?
Median, ulnar, medial pectoral, and medial cutaneous
Phrenic nerve roots from
C3-5
