Back/Neck Movements Flashcards
erector spinae group muscles
Medial to lateral: spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
spinalis movements
Unilaterally: laterally flex to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the spine
spinalis group o/i
O:
- Thoracis: SP of T10-L2
- Cervicis: ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7
I:
- Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic
- Cervicis: SP of cervicals (except C1)
Longissimus movements
Unilaterally: laterally flex to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the spine
Longissimus o/i
O:
- Thoracis: common tendon
- Cervicis and capitus: TP of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae
I:
- Thoracis: lower 9 ribs and TP of thoracic vertebrae
- Cervicis: TP of cervical vertebrae
- Capitus: mastoid process of temporal bone
Iliocostalis movements
Unilaterally: laterally flex to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the spine
Iliocostalis o/i
O:
- Lumborum: common tendon
- Thoracis and cervicis: posterior surface of ribs 1-12
I:
- Lumborum: TP of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 6-12
- Thoracis: posterior surface of ribs 1-6
- Cervicis: TP of lower cervical vertebrae
Multifidi and rotatores movements
Unilaterally: rotate to the opposite side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
Multifidi and rotatores o/i
O:
- Multifidi: sacrum and TP of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
- Rotatores: TP of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I: SP of lumbar vertebrae though cervical vertebrae
(multifidi span 2-4 vertebrae while rotators span 1-2)
Semispinalis capitis movements
extends the vertebral column and head
Semispinalis capitis o/i
O: TP of C4-T5
I: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
Splenius capitus and cervicis movements
Unilaterally: sidebend and rotate to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the head/neck
Splenius capitus and cervicis o/i
O:
- Capitis: inferior 1/2 of ligamentum nuchal and SP of C7-T4
- Cervicis: SP of T3-6
I:
- Capitus: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
- Cervicis: TP of C1-3
Rectus capitis posterior major movements
rocks and tilts the head back into extension
rotates head to the same side
Rectus capitis posterior major o/i
O: SP of axis C2
I: inferior nuchal line of the occiput
Rectus capitis posterior minor movements
rocks and tilts the head back into extension
Rectus capitis posterior minor o/i
O: posterior arch tubercle of C1
I: inferior nuchal line of the occiput
Oblique capitis superior movements
rocks and tilts the head back into extension
laterally flexes the head
Oblique capitis superior o/i
O: TP of C1
I: between the nuchal lines of the occiput
Oblique capitis inferior movements
rotates head to the same side
Oblique capitis inferior o/i
O: SP of C2
I: TP of C1
Quadratus lumborum movements
Unilaterally:
- laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis
- laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
- assist to extend the vertebral column
Bilaterally:
-fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation
Quadratus lumborum o/i
O: posterior iliac crest
I: last rib and TP of 1-4 lumbar vertebrae
Rectus abdominis movements
flexes the vertebral column
posteriorly tilts the pelvis
Rectus abdominis o/i
O: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I: cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
External oblique movements
Unilaterally:
- laterally flexes to same side
- rotates to opposite side
Bilaterally: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents
External oblique o/i
O: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
I: anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Internal oblique movements
Unilaterally:
- laterally flex to same side
- rotate to same side
Bilaterally:
- flex vertebral column
- compress abdominal contents
Internal oblique o/i
O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
I: internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Transverse abdominis movements
compress abdominal contents
Transverse abdominis o/i
O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower 6 ribs
I: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Sternocleidomastoid movements
Unilaterally:
- laterally flexes to the same side
- rotates to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
- flexes the neck
- assists to elevate the ribcage during inhalation
Sternocleidomastoid o/i
O:
- sternal head: top of manubrium
- clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
Scalenes movements
Unilaterally:
- with the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head/neck to same side
- rotate head and neck to opposite side
Bilaterally:
- elevate the ribs during inhalation
- flex the head and neck (ANTERIOR ONLY)
Scalenes o/i
Anterior:
O: TP of C1-3 (anterior tubercles)
I: 1st rib
Middle:
O: TP of C2-7 (posterior tubercles)
I: 1st rib
Posterior:
O: TP of C6-7 (posterior tubercles)
I: 2nd rib
