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MSK test 1 > back myology > Flashcards

back myology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the insertion, innervation of the trapezius?

A

Lateral ⅓ of the clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

Motor: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI); Sensory C3,C4

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2
Q

what does the trapezius do?

A

rotate point of the glenoid cavity superiorly, retract the scapula

 upper fibers (elevate scapula)
Lower fibers (depress scapula)

With the scapula fixed the upper fibers will extend the neck working bilaterally, laterally flex the neck and rotate the face away when working unilaterally

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3
Q

what is the insertion, innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of the bicipital humeral groove

thoracodorsal n

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4
Q

what does the latissimus dorsi do?

A

Extend, ADduct and medially rotate the humerus, rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

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5
Q

what muscles are in layer 1?

A

trapezius and latissius dorsi

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6
Q

what muscles are in layer 2?

A

rhomboid major

rhomboid minor

levator scapulae

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7
Q

Insertion and innervation of rhomboid major?

A

Medial border of scapula (inferior to scapular spine)

Dorsal scapular nerve

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8
Q

action of rhomboid major?

A

Retract and elevate scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

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9
Q

Insertion and innervation of rhomboid minor?

A

Medial border of scapula (at scapular spine)

Dorsal scapular nerve

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10
Q

action of rhomboid minor

A

Retract and elevate scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

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11
Q

Insertion and innervation of levator scapulae?

A

Medial border of scapula (superior to scapular spine)

C3,C4 Dorsal scapular nerve

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12
Q

action of levator scapulae?

A

Elevate scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

and when the scapula is fixed extend and laterally flex the neck

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13
Q

what muscles are part of layer 3?

A

serratus posterior superior

serratus posterior inferior

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14
Q

what is the insertion and innervation of serratus posterior superior?

A

Superior surfaces of ribs 2-5

Intercostal nerve (2-5)

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15
Q

what is the insertion and innervation of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Inferior surface of ribs 8-12

Anterior rami T9-T12

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16
Q

what does serratus posterior superior do?

A

Elevate ribs with forced inspiration

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17
Q

what does serratus posterior inferior do?

A

depress ribs with forced expiration

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18
Q

what muscles are part of layer 4?

A

splenius capitis, splenius cervicis

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19
Q

insertion and innervation of splenius capitus?

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone, later ⅓ superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

Posterior rami C3-5

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20
Q

action of splenius capitus?

A

Extend the neck when working bilaterally;

laterally flex the neck and rotate face toward when working unilaterally

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21
Q

insertion and innervation of splenius cervicis?

A

Transverse processes of C1-C3(4)

Posterior rami C3-5

22
Q

action of splenius cervicis?

A

Extend the neck when working bilaterally;

laterally flex the neck and rotate the face toward when working unilaterally

23
Q

what muscles are in layer 5?

A

erector spinae muscles

iliocostalis

longissimus

spinalis

24
Q

what do the erector spinae do? what are they innervated by?

A

maintains erect posture and extends the vertebral column and head when working unilaterally

segmentally innervated by posterior Rami of spinal nerves

25
Q

what are the 3 parts of ilicostalis, where do they insert?

A

Lumborum
Costal Angles of Ribs 6-12

Thoracis
Costal angles of ribs and transverse process of C7

Cervicis
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4- C6

26
Q

3 parts of longissimus, where do they insert?

A

Thoracis
Transverse processes of T1-L2, ribs 3-12 between the costal tubercle and costal angle

Cervicis
Posterior Tubercles of transverse processes and articular processes of C2-C6

Capitis
Posterior Tubercles of transverse processes and articular processes of C2-C6

27
Q

3 parts of spinalis, where do they insert?

A

Thoracis
Spinous processes of T1-T4

Cervicis
Spinous Processes of C2, C3, C4

Capitis
Spinous Processes of C2, C3, C4

28
Q

what muscles make up layer 6?

A

Semispinalis Thoracis

Semispinalis Cervicis

Semispinalis Capitis

Rotatores, multifidus

29
Q

insertion and innervation of Semispinalis Thoracis?

A

Spinous processes of C6-T4

Posterior Rami

30
Q

insertion and innervation of Semispinalis cervicis??

A

Spinous processes C2-C5

Posterior Rami

31
Q

insertion and innervation of Semispinalis capitis?

A

Between Superior and Inferior Nuchal lines of the occipital bone

Posterior Rami

32
Q

what does Semispinalis Thoracis do?

A

Extend Spine and Rotate Spine Away

33
Q

what does Semispinalis cervicis do?

A

Extend spine and rotate spine away

34
Q

what does Semispinalis capitis do?

A

Extend head rotate face away

35
Q

Segmental Muscles, what are they?

A

Interspinales

Intertransversarii

Levatores costarum

36
Q

what do interspinales do?

A

between spinous processes, aid in extension

37
Q

what do Intertransversarii do?

A

between transverse processes, flexion

38
Q

what do Levatores costarum do?

A

elevate from transverse processes to ribs, elevate ribs, innervated by intercostal nerves

39
Q

what 4 muscles make up rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus,Infraspinatus,Teres minor, and Subscapularis

The muscles arise from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus, forming a cuff at the glenohumeral joint

40
Q

what layers of muscle are extrinsic? what are they innervated by?

A

The first three layers are considered superficial and are extrinsic

Innervated by a branch of an anterior ramus or cranial nerve

41
Q

what layers of muscle are intrinsic? what are they innervated by?

A

the deepest three layers are intrinsic

Innervated by posterior rami

42
Q

what is a back spasm and what happens?

A

injury to the ligamentous attachments between bone, usually the result of inadequate stretching before activity

Involves excessive stretching and sometime tearing of muscle fibers produced by an overly strong muscular contraction

Muscle tissue will spasm, or involuntarily contract in response to injury and inflammation as a protective measure

43
Q

what muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?

what innervated these muscles?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major - medial border

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Obliquus Capitis Inferior - inferior border

Obliquus Capitis Superior- lateral border

Suboccipital Nerve

44
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, where does it insert and what does it do?

A

Lateral portion inferior nuchal line

Extend head & rotate face toward

45
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, where does it insert and what does it do?

A

Below inferior nuchal line

Extend head

46
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior, where does it insert and what does it do?

A

Transverse process of C1

Rotate the face forward

47
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior, where does it insert and what does it do?

A

Between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Extend and laterally flex head

48
Q

what are the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Medially: rectus capitis posterior major

Laterally:obliquus capitis superior

Inferiorly: obliquus capitis inferior

Roof:semispinalis capitis and longissimus capitis

Floor: posterior arch of the atlas, posterior atlantooccipital membrane

49
Q

Contents of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral a, vertebral v, suboccipital n

50
Q

Vertebral artery, where does it come from and where does it go?

A

Comes from Subclavian A, ascends through transverse foramina

Behind atlas, pierces dura mater to enter vertebral canal, ascends through foramen magnum

Gives off anterior spinal and 2 posterior spinal A

51
Q

suboccipital n, where does it come from and where does it go?

A

Comes from dorsal ramus of C1

Between vertebral a and posterior arch of atlas

Supplies suboccipital triangle and posterior arch of atlas

No cutaneous fibers

52
Q

Vertebral veins, where do they come from and where do they go?

A

Formed in triangle by venous plexus , suboccipital plexus, intervertebral veins, internal and external vertebral venous plexus

Descend through transverse foramen of atlas, empty into brachiocephalic vein

MSK test 1 (7 decks)

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