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MSK test 1 > Back angiology and neurology > Flashcards

Back angiology and neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Back sprain, what is it?

A

ligamentous tissue or attachment of ligament to bone is involved caused by excessive extension or rotation

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2
Q

Back strain, what is it?

A

overly strong muscular contraction causes microtears in muscle tissue

Can cause muscle spasm

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3
Q

what is Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus, what is its flow, why is it relevant?

A

In epidural space, receives tributaries from spinal cord and vertebrae, vertebral veins, basilar plexus, dural sinuses

Drains into segmental veins via intervertebral veins

Communicates superiorly with cranial dural sinuses, inferiorly with pelvic vein, in thorax and abdomen with azygos vein

EARLY METASTASIS OF CARCINOMA

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4
Q

External Vertebral Venous plexus, what is the flow?

A

Anterior and posterior parts, lies in front of vertebral column and on vertebral arch

Communicates with vertebral venous plexus via intervertebral, basivertebral, vertebral, intercostal , lumbar and lateral sacral v

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5
Q

Vertebral veins, significance?

A

Comes from venous plexuses around foramen magnum and occiptal region

Empties into brachiocephlic vein

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6
Q

Occipital a, what is the flow and what does it travel with? branches and what does it supply?

A

Comes from external carotid a, lies on obliquus capitis and semispinalis capitis

Accompanied by greater occipital n

Supplies scalp of occipital region

Branches into superficial and deep branches

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7
Q

Superficial branch of occipital a anastomoses with what?

A

transverse cervical a

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8
Q

deep branch of occipital a anastomoses with what?

A

deep cervical a

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9
Q

Transverse cervical A: where does it come from and what does it supply? what does it travel with?

A

comes from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian

Dividies into superficial and deep branches

  • Ascending superficial: supplies upper trapezius
  • Descending superficial: accompanies spinal accessory nerve on trapezius

Deep branch accompanies dorsal scapular nerve

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10
Q

Accessory nerve: what does it travel with and what does it supply?

A

Cranial portion that joins vagus n

Spinal portion that runs deep to sternocleidomastoid, lies on levator scapulae and deep to traps

Supplies traps and sternocleidomastoid

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11
Q

Dorsal Scapular n, what does it run with and what does it supply?

A

Runs with transverse cervical a, supplies rhomboids and levator scapulae

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12
Q

Greater occipital n: where does it run, what does it supply?

A

C2 posterior ramus

Crosses obliquus inferior and semispinalis capitis, pierces semispinalis and trapezius,

appears below suboccipital triangle

cutaneous innervation to posterior occipital region

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13
Q

Least occipital n : what does it supply?

A

Derived from C3 posterior ramus

Cutaneous innervation to occipital region

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14
Q

Lesser occipital n: what does it supply? what does it run with

A

Cutaneous branch of cervical plexus,

ascends along posterior border of sternocleidomastoid to scalp behind auricle

innervates scalp

C2

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15
Q

what supplies blood to trapezius?

A

Transverse cervical a

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16
Q

what supplies blood to Latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal a.

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17
Q

what supplies blood to rhomboid major and minor?

A

Dorsal scapular a

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18
Q

what supplies blood to levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular a

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19
Q

what supplies blood to serratus posterior superior and inferior?

A

Intercostal a

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20
Q

what supplies blood to splenius capitis?

A

Intercostal a

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21
Q

what supplies blood to splenius cervicis?

A

Intercostal a

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22
Q

what supplies blood to semispinalis?

A

Intercostal a

23
Q

what supplies blood to erector spinae?

A

Lateral sacral a

24
Q

what is the source for the vertebral a?

A

Subclavian A.

25
Q

what is the source for the Ascending Cervical A?

A

Inferior Thyroid A

26
Q

what is the source for the Deep Cervical A?

A

Costocervical Trunk

27
Q

what is the source for Posterior Intercostal A.?

A

Descending Aorta

28
Q

what is the source for subcostal A.?

A

Descending Aorta

29
Q

what is the source for lumbar A.?

A

Descending Aorta

30
Q

what is the source for Iliolumbar A?

A

Internal Iliac A

31
Q

what is the source for lateral sacral A?

A

Internal Iliac A.

32
Q

what are the meninges and what do they do?

A

connective tissue membranes that line the neurocranium and vertebral canal, and enclose the central nervous system

provide protection to the brain and spinal cord,

accompany blood vessels to and from the CNS tissues,

channel the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord

33
Q

Dura Mater , what is it?

A

Most superficial, protective layer

High collagen content, with layers of flattened fibrocytes

34
Q

arachnoid mater, what is it?

A

2nd layer of meninges
named because of its spider web-like appearance

Cerebrospinal fluid is located in the subarachnoid space
between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

35
Q

Pia Mater, what is it?

A

3rd and most deep of the three meningeal layers

envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain
and spinal cord, following all of the brain’s contours

36
Q

Suboccipital N, significance?

A

Posterior Ramus of C1

Innervates suboccipital musculature

Travels through suboccipital triangle

37
Q

Medial branch of C4-C8, what does it supply?

A

Muscular Branches (to Transversospinalis M.)

Articular Branches (to zygapophyseal joints)

Cutaneous Branches (to skin of dermatome)

38
Q

lateral branch of C4-C8, what does it supply?

A

Muscular Branches (to erector spinae and splenius Ms.)

Cutaneous Branches (to skin of dermatome)

39
Q

what is the vasculature of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral A.

Suboccipital venous plexus

40
Q

what are the nerves of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Greater Occipital N.

Suboccipital N

41
Q

describe the flow of the vertebral a in the suboccipital region, flow and all

A

The vertebral arteries branch from the subclavian A. and ascend through the foramina in the transverse processes of the upper six cervical vertebrae, entering the skull through the foramen magnum.

At the lower border of the pons, each unites with the vertebral A. of the opposite side to form the basilar A.

The basilar A. divides into R & L posterior cerebral As., which are connected to the middle cerebral As. by the posterior communicating arteries.

42
Q

what does c3-c8 transection cause

A

paralysis below head level

43
Q

what does c4-c5 transection cause

A

quadriplegic

44
Q

what does c6-c8 transection cause

A

loss of hand and some upper limb function

45
Q

what does t1-t9 transection cause

A

paraplegic, some trunk control

46
Q

what does t10-l1 transection cause

A

some thigh function

47
Q

what does l2-l3 transection cause

A

most leg function retained

48
Q

Explain where lumbar puncture procedures are safest to administer and why?

A

Safest between L4 & L5

CSF is drawn there because below L1 or L2 the spinal cord terminates (conus medularis)

nerves continue down the spine below this but in loose bundles of nerve fibers called cauda equina.

Done at the L4/L5 site because the loose fibers move out of the way of the needle without being damaged.

49
Q

what are the five varieties typically associated with back pain?

A

Fibroskeleton

Meninges

Synovial joints

Intrinsic back muscles

Spinal nerves or nerve roots

50
Q

what is Fibroskeleton pain caused by? what does it feel like?

A

periosteum, ligaments, annuli fibrosi of IV discs (meningeal sn)

Localized back pain
Fracture pain=periosteum
Dislocation pain=ligaments

51
Q

what is meninges pain caused by?

A

covering of spinal cord

52
Q

what is synovial joints pain caused by? what does it feel like?

A

capsules of zygapophysial joints (dorsal rami)
Localized back pain
Joint pain associated with aging or disease

53
Q

what is Intrinsic back muscles pain caused by? what does it feel like?

A

(dorsal rami)
Localized back pain
Related to ischemia and guarding

54
Q

what is spinal nerves pain caused by?

A

referred to dermatome innervated by that nerve

MSK test 1 (7 decks)

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