Back Ligaments and Muscles Flashcards
What joints in the vertebrae are cartilaginous
intervertebral symphysis, lumbosacral symphysis, sacrococcygeal joint
What joints in the vertebrae are synovial
atlantoaxial (C1-C2) and zygapophyseal (vertebral facets)
Structure
Annulus fibrosis
Structure
Nucleus pulposus
What is the function of the intervertebral disc
Allows movement of the vertebral column, holds the column together, prevents friction, absorbs shock
What tissue are the intervertebral discs made of
Collagen and elastin fibers
What is happening to the annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus when there is a herniated disc
The gel from the nucleus pulposus is pressed into the weakened annulus fibrosis, which is then pressed outward into the nerve or spinal column, causing pain/tingling/numbness to the affected innervation
What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column
Prevent hyperextension of the spine
What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column
Prevent hyperflexion and posterior herniation
What is the function of the ligamentum flavum of the vertebral column
Prevent separation of the laminae during flexion, aids in extension
What is the function of the interspinous ligament of the vertebral column
Supports ligamentum flavum and supraspinous ligaments
What is the function of the supraspinous ligament of the vertebral column
Prevents separation of the spinous processes and hyperflexion
What is the function of the nuchal ligament of the vertebral column
Supports head, resist flexion, restore head to anatomical position, attachment point for posterior neck and shoulder muscles
Ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Ligament
Supraspinous ligament
Ligament
Interspinous ligaments
Ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Muscles in the spinotransversales group
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
Bilateral action of the spinotransversales group
Tilt head up
Unilateral action of the spinotransversales group
Rotate head
Muscles in the erector spinae group
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Bilateral actions of the erector spinae group
Posture
Vertebral extension
Unilateral action of the erector spinae group
Lateral flexion
Muscles in the transversospinalis group
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Action of the transversospinalis group
Maintain posture
Muscle along the thoracic vertebrae not belonging to a group
Levatores costarum
Actions of the levatores costarum
Elevate ribs
Rotate and laterally flex vertebrae
Muscles around the base of the skull and cervical vertebrae not belonging to a group
Suboccipital muscles
Actions of the suboccipital muscles
Posture
Extension of the head
Lateral flexion of the head
Rotation of the head
Muscle
Splenius capitis
Muscle
Splenius cervicis
Muscle
Longissimus
Muscle
Spinalis
Muscle
Iliocostalis
Muscle
Semispinalis
Muscle
Rotatores
Muscle
Multifidus
Muscle
Levatores costarum
Muscle
Suboccipital muscles
Primary action of extrinsic back muscles
Support upper limb
Embryonic origin of extrinsic back muscles
Hypomere
Attachment sites for extrinsic back muscles
Upper limbs
Primary action of intrinsic back muscles
Maintain posture
Embryonic origin of intrinsic back muscles
Epimere
Attachment sites for intrinsic back muscles
Vertebrae
Mnemonic for intrinsic back muscles
Some (splenius capitis)
Say (splenius cervices)
I (iliocostalis)
Love (longissimus)
Soup (spinalis)
So (semispinalis)
Much (multifidus)
with RoLlS (Rotatores, Levatores costarum, Suboccipital muscles)
Main muscle groups of the back
Spinotransversales
Erector spinae
Transversospinalis