Back Ligaments and Muscles

Question 1

What joints in the vertebrae are cartilaginous

Answer 1

intervertebral symphysis, lumbosacral symphysis, sacrococcygeal joint

Question 2

What joints in the vertebrae are synovial

Answer 2

atlantoaxial (C1-C2) and zygapophyseal (vertebral facets)

Question 3

Structure

Answer 3

Annulus fibrosis

Question 4

Structure

Answer 4

Nucleus pulposus

Question 5

What is the function of the intervertebral disc

Answer 5

Allows movement of the vertebral column, holds the column together, prevents friction, absorbs shock

Question 6

What tissue are the intervertebral discs made of

Answer 6

Collagen and elastin fibers

Question 7

What is happening to the annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus when there is a herniated disc

Answer 7

The gel from the nucleus pulposus is pressed into the weakened annulus fibrosis, which is then pressed outward into the nerve or spinal column, causing pain/tingling/numbness to the affected innervation

Question 8

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column

Answer 8

Prevent hyperextension of the spine

Question 9

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column

Answer 9

Prevent hyperflexion and posterior herniation

Question 10

What is the function of the ligamentum flavum of the vertebral column

Answer 10

Prevent separation of the laminae during flexion, aids in extension

Question 11

What is the function of the interspinous ligament of the vertebral column

Answer 11

Supports ligamentum flavum and supraspinous ligaments

Question 12

What is the function of the supraspinous ligament of the vertebral column

Answer 12

Prevents separation of the spinous processes and hyperflexion

Question 13

What is the function of the nuchal ligament of the vertebral column

Answer 13

Supports head, resist flexion, restore head to anatomical position, attachment point for posterior neck and shoulder muscles

Question 14

Ligament

Answer 14

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 15

Ligament

Answer 15

Ligamentum flavum

Question 16

Ligament

Answer 16

Supraspinous ligament

Question 17

Ligament

Answer 17

Interspinous ligaments

Question 18

Ligament

Answer 18

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 19

Muscles in the spinotransversales group

Answer 19

Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis

Question 20

Bilateral action of the spinotransversales group

Answer 20

Tilt head up

Question 21

Unilateral action of the spinotransversales group

Answer 21

Rotate head

Question 22

Muscles in the erector spinae group

Answer 22

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Question 23

Bilateral actions of the erector spinae group

Answer 23

Posture
Vertebral extension

Question 24

Unilateral action of the erector spinae group

Answer 24

Lateral flexion

Question 25

Muscles in the transversospinalis group

Answer 25

Semispinalis Multifidus Rotatores

Question 26

Action of the transversospinalis group

Answer 26

Maintain posture

Question 27

Muscle along the thoracic vertebrae not belonging to a group

Answer 27

Levatores costarum

Question 28

Actions of the levatores costarum

Answer 28

Elevate ribs Rotate and laterally flex vertebrae

Question 29

Muscles around the base of the skull and cervical vertebrae not belonging to a group

Answer 29

Suboccipital muscles

Question 30

Actions of the suboccipital muscles

Answer 30

Posture Extension of the head Lateral flexion of the head Rotation of the head

Question 31

Muscle

Answer 31

Splenius capitis

Question 32

Muscle

Answer 32

Splenius cervicis

Question 33

Muscle

Answer 33

Longissimus

Question 34

Muscle

Answer 34

Spinalis

Question 35

Muscle

Answer 35

Iliocostalis

Question 36

Muscle

Answer 36

Semispinalis

Question 37

Muscle

Answer 37

Rotatores

Question 38

Muscle

Answer 38

Multifidus

Question 39

Muscle

Answer 39

Levatores costarum

Question 40

Muscle

Answer 40

Suboccipital muscles

Question 41

Primary action of extrinsic back muscles

Answer 41

Support upper limb

Question 42

Embryonic origin of extrinsic back muscles

Answer 42

Hypomere

Question 43

Attachment sites for extrinsic back muscles

Answer 43

Upper limbs

Question 44

Primary action of intrinsic back muscles

Answer 44

Maintain posture

Question 45

Embryonic origin of intrinsic back muscles

Answer 45

Epimere

Question 46

Attachment sites for intrinsic back muscles

Answer 46

Vertebrae

Question 47

Mnemonic for intrinsic back muscles

Answer 47

Some (splenius capitis) Say (splenius cervices) I (iliocostalis) Love (longissimus) Soup (spinalis) So (semispinalis) Much (multifidus) with RoLlS (Rotatores, Levatores costarum, Suboccipital muscles)

Question 48

Main muscle groups of the back

Answer 48

Spinotransversales Erector spinae Transversospinalis