Back Arthrology

Question 1

Atlantooccipital Joint (Provide what bones it connects, type of joint, ligaments involved)

Answer 1

Joint: Condylar/Football Synovial

Bones: superior articular surface of atlas and occiptal condyles

Ligaments:

1. Anterior atlantooccipital membrane (anterior longitudinal L.) 2. tectorial membrane (posterior longitudinal L.)
2. posterior atlantooccipital membrane (ligamentum flavum)

Question 2

Median atlantoaxial Joint

Answer 2

Joint: Pivot/Trochoid synovial joint

Bones: Anterior articular facet of dens of axis & facet for the dens on the atlas

Ligaments:

1. Cruciate L of the atlas: superior/inferior longitudinal band, transverse L. of the atlas

2. Alar L.

3. Apical L. of the dens

Question 3

Lateral atlantoaxial joint

Answer 3

Joint: Plane synovial joint
Bones: inferior articular surface of the atlas and super articular facet of axis
Ligaments: None

Question 4

Zygapophysial Joints

Answer 4

Joint: Plane synovial joints

Bone: superior and inferior articular facets from C2-L5

Ligament: Articular capsule : Fibrous layer, synovial membrane

Question 5

Vertebral syndesmoses: ligamentous structures that support the vertebral column (6)

Answer 5

1. Anterior longitudinal L (ant vert body)
2. Posterior longitudinal L (post vert body)
3. Ligamentum Flavum (yellow, ventral vert laminae)
4. Interspinous L (spinous processes)
5. Intertransverse L. (transverse processes)
6. Supraspinous L (on top spinous processes)

Question 6

Intervertebral Joints (discs)

Answer 6

Joint: Symphysis cartilaginous Joint

Bone: vertebral body to vertebral body

Annulus Fibrosis: tough fiber outside

Nucleus Pulposus: gelatinous inside

Question 7

Lumbosacral Joint

Answer 7

Joint: Intervertebral joint: symphysis cartilaginous joint

Bones: inf. intervertebral surface of L5 and sup. intervertebral surface of sacrum

Joint: Zygapophysial joint: plane synovial joint

Bones: inf. articular facet of L5 and sup. articular facet of sacrum

Ligaments:

1. Anterior Longitudinal L
2. Posterior Longitudinal L
3. Ligamentum Flavum
4. 5. 6. Inter/supraspinous, intertransverse: ABSENT
5. Illiolumbard L
6. Lumbosacral L.
7. intervertebral discs

Question 8

Sacrococcygeal Joint

Answer 8

Joint: Symphysis cartilaginous

Bones: between apex of sacrum and sup. surface of coccyx

Ligaments:

1. Anterior Sacrococcygeal L
2. Posterior sacrococcygeal L
3. Lateral sacrococcygeal L

Question 9

Planar synovial joints

Answer 9

plane flat, uniaxial gliding/sliding, tight joint capsule

acromioclavicular joint

Question 10

Ginglymus synovial joint (hinge)

Answer 10

uniaxial, thin slack joint capsule

Elbow joint

Question 11

Trochoid synovial joint (pivot)

Answer 11

uniaxial rotation

atlantoaxial joint

Question 12

Condyloid synovial joint (football)

Answer 12

one/two concave surfaces articulating with the same, biaxial

metacarpophalngeal joint

Question 13

Sellar synovial joints (saddle)

Answer 13

convex and concave surfaces, biaxial, false circumduction w/o rotation

carpometacarpal joint

Question 14

Spheroidal synovial joint (ball and socket)

Answer 14

multiaxial, curcumduction in many planes

hip joint

Question 15

Compound synovial joint

Answer 15

combination of synovial joints

atlantooccipital joint (medial and lateral are different synovial)

Question 16

Fibrous Joint: Sutures

Answer 16

Serrated sutures skull (serrated)

sqaumous sutures skull (beveled)

Planar sutures skull (blunt ends)

Question 17

Schindylesis

Answer 17

tongue in groove by fibrous tissue

Question 18

Gomphosis

Answer 18

Firbous joint, peg in socket w fibrous tissue

Question 19

Syndesmosis

Answer 19

Fibrous: two bones separated by fibrous tissue (interosseous membrane)

Question 20

Cartilaginous Joint (2)

Answer 20

Synchondrosis: 1:hyaline cartilage (femur)

Symphysis2: cartilaginous joint (intervertebral discs)